Podcast
Questions and Answers
Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived to as ________.
Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived to as ________.
threatening and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent
Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ________.
Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ________.
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
Which of the following is a major criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
Which of the following is a major criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
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The research of Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe evaluated the connection between life stressors and __________________.
The research of Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe evaluated the connection between life stressors and __________________.
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According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment?
According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment?
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Which of the following contributes to tension headaches?
Which of the following contributes to tension headaches?
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The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ____________.
The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ____________.
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Which term refers to the tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, guilt, and fear?
Which term refers to the tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, guilt, and fear?
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Which of the following uses electronic equipment to help individuals develop stress-reducing strategies?
Which of the following uses electronic equipment to help individuals develop stress-reducing strategies?
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Emotion-focused coping would likely be a better method than problem-focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors?
Emotion-focused coping would likely be a better method than problem-focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors?
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The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman based on the __________.
The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman based on the __________.
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How does positive affect differ from optimism?
How does positive affect differ from optimism?
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Carson enjoys writing mystery novels, and has even managed to publish some of his work. When he's writing, Carson becomes extremely focused on his work; in fact, he becomes so absorbed that he often loses track of time, often staying up well past 3 a.m. Carson's experience best illustrates the concept of ________.
Carson enjoys writing mystery novels, and has even managed to publish some of his work. When he's writing, Carson becomes extremely focused on his work; in fact, he becomes so absorbed that he often loses track of time, often staying up well past 3 a.m. Carson's experience best illustrates the concept of ________.
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Researchers have identified a number of factors that are related to happiness. Which of the following is not one of them?
Researchers have identified a number of factors that are related to happiness. Which of the following is not one of them?
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Bret, who recently lost his job, is handling the stress by searching for a new position every day, updating his resume, and eliminating nonessentials from his budget to reduce his monthly expenses. Which type of coping approach is Bret using?
Bret, who recently lost his job, is handling the stress by searching for a new position every day, updating his resume, and eliminating nonessentials from his budget to reduce his monthly expenses. Which type of coping approach is Bret using?
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Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.
Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.
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A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ___________.
A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ___________.
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Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?
Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?
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Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
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The relaxation response technique that combines elements of relaxation and ______________.
The relaxation response technique that combines elements of relaxation and ______________.
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Which of the following defines the concept of perceived control?
Which of the following defines the concept of perceived control?
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Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
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Which level of stress leads to burnout, fatigue, and exhaustion?
Which level of stress leads to burnout, fatigue, and exhaustion?
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Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?
Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?
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Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.
Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.
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__________ is a stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary activity facilitates a level of voluntary control over these processes.
__________ is a stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary activity facilitates a level of voluntary control over these processes.
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___________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.
___________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.
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Which of the following illustrates the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Which of the following illustrates the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
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Owen, an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts, applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. Which type of coping approach is Owen using?
Owen, an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts, applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. Which type of coping approach is Owen using?
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According to research, which of the following groups experienced the greatest increase in stress levels between 2006 and 2009?
According to research, which of the following groups experienced the greatest increase in stress levels between 2006 and 2009?
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Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
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Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.
Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.
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A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.
A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.
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What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
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Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are examples of __________.
Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are examples of __________.
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Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
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Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?
Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?
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__________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
__________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
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Which statement about tension headaches is true?
Which statement about tension headaches is true?
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Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.
Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.
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Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
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Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
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Which of the following is an example of eustress?
Which of the following is an example of eustress?
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Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?
Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?
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What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?
What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?
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Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
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Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ___________.
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ___________.
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Which of the following is an example of secondary appraisal of a stressor?
Which of the following is an example of secondary appraisal of a stressor?
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Study Notes
Negative Effects and Stress Perception
- Stress is perceived negatively when events are seen as threatening with no clear coping options.
- Age group 45-64 reported the highest increase in stress levels between 2006 and 2009.
Appraisals of Stressors
- Secondary appraisal of a stressor is triggered by how the threat is perceived.
- Major criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is its lack of consideration for personal event appraisal.
- Holmes and Rahe's research linked life stressors to physical illness.
Major Life Events and Coping
- Death of a spouse is ranked as the life event requiring the greatest readjustment.
- Emotion-focused coping is more suitable for stress related to terminal illnesses like cancer.
Psychological Concepts
- Learned helplessness stems from dogs not attempting to escape after experiencing uncontrollable shocks.
- Positive affect refers to feeling states, while optimism relates to positive expectations.
Engagement and Flow
- Flow is experienced when someone is fully absorbed in an activity, as seen in Carson's writing experience.
Happiness Factors
- Factors contributing to happiness include age, income (around $75,000), and marriage, while physical attractiveness does not significantly correlate.
Coping Strategies
- Problem-focused coping, as exemplified by Bret's proactive job search after losing his job, contrasts with emotion-focused coping used during emotional distress.
- Type A behavior pattern is characterized by being driven and always in a rush.
Types of Stress and Appraisal
- Stressors are events perceived as demanding or threatening, with primary appraisal assessing potential harm.
- Eustress refers to positive stress that enhances health and performance.
Stress and Its Effects
- Tension headaches are linked to stress and eyestrain.
- Chronic stress and prolonged cortisol release weaken the immune system.
Support and Relationships
- Social support involves guidance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance during stressful times.
Stress-Related Health Issues
- Prolonged stress may lead to burnout and fatigue, while hypertension significantly raises heart disease risk.
Memory and Stress
- Moderate stress enhances recalling educational material, whereas intense stress affects recall adversely.
Secondary Appraisal Examples
- Secondary appraisal assesses potential coping options in response to a threat, determining the best approach to handle the situation.
Summary Points
- Distress signifies negative stress, contrasting with eustress which leads to positive feelings and healthy outcomes.
- Routine stressors include daily hassles like traffic or lost keys, affecting overall well-being.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Prepare for your Psychology final with these essential flashcards that cover key concepts related to stress and its effects. These cards will help reinforce your understanding of how stress influences individuals and the factors contributing to increased stress levels. Perfect for review or self-assessment before the exam.
