Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is empiricism?
What is empiricism?
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.
What is structuralism?
What is structuralism?
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind.
What is functionalism?
What is functionalism?
A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
What is experimental psychology?
What is experimental psychology?
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What is behaviorism?
What is behaviorism?
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What is humanistic psychology?
What is humanistic psychology?
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What is psychology?
What is psychology?
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What is the nature-nurture issue?
What is the nature-nurture issue?
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What is natural selection?
What is natural selection?
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What is a level of analysis in psychology?
What is a level of analysis in psychology?
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What is the biopsychosocial approach?
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
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What is biological psychology?
What is biological psychology?
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What is evolutionary psychology?
What is evolutionary psychology?
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What is psychodynamic psychology?
What is psychodynamic psychology?
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What is behavioral psychology?
What is behavioral psychology?
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What is cognitive psychology?
What is cognitive psychology?
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What is social-cultural psychology?
What is social-cultural psychology?
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What is psychometrics?
What is psychometrics?
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What is basic research?
What is basic research?
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What is developmental psychology?
What is developmental psychology?
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What is educational psychology?
What is educational psychology?
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What is personality psychology?
What is personality psychology?
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What is social psychology?
What is social psychology?
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What is applied research?
What is applied research?
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What is industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology?
What is industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology?
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What is human factors psychology?
What is human factors psychology?
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What is counseling psychology?
What is counseling psychology?
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What is clinical psychology?
What is clinical psychology?
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Psychology
- Empiricism: Emphasizes that knowledge derives from experience, necessitating reliance on observation and experimentation in science.
- Structuralism: An early psychological school that probed the structural elements of the mind through introspection.
- Functionalism: Focuses on mental and behavioral processes, how they aid in adaptation, survival, and well-being.
- Experimental Psychology: Involves studying behavior and thought through scientific experiments.
Approaches to Psychology
- Behaviorism: Advocates for psychology as an objective science concentrating solely on observable behavior, overlooking mental processes.
- Humanistic Psychology: Highlights the growth potential of healthy individuals and the pursuit of personal development.
- Psychology: Defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Core Psychological Debates
- Nature-Nurture Issue: Discusses the interplay between genetics and experience in shaping psychological traits and behaviors; current understanding sees them as interdependent.
- Natural Selection: States that inherited traits enhancing survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed to future generations.
Levels of Analysis
- Level of Analysis: Integrates various perspectives—biological, psychological, and social-cultural—when analyzing phenomena.
- Biopsychosocial Approach: A comprehensive approach that marries biological, psychological, and social-cultural perspectives for well-rounded analysis.
Branches of Psychology
- Biological Psychology: Examines the connections between biological processes (neuroscience, behavior genetics) and psychological states.
- Evolutionary Psychology: Investigates behavior and mental processes through the lens of natural selection principles.
- Psychodynamic Psychology: Studies unconscious drives and conflicts affecting behavior, providing foundational insights for treating disorders.
- Behavioral Psychology: Focuses on observable behaviors and their learnings through conditioning.
Cognitive and Social Perspectives
- Cognitive Psychology: Analyzes mental activities linked with thinking, memory, and communication.
- Social-Cultural Psychology: Explores how social contexts and cultural backgrounds shape thoughts and behaviors.
Research Methodologies
- Psychometrics: Concerned with measuring human abilities, attitudes, and traits scientifically.
- Basic Research: Aims to heighten foundational scientific knowledge without immediate practical applications.
- Applied Research: Directly targets practical problem-solving through scientific inquiry.
Specialized Fields
- Developmental Psychology: Studies changes in physical, cognitive, and social aspects throughout the human life span.
- Educational Psychology: Explores how psychological principles enhance teaching and learning processes.
- Personality Psychology: Investigates characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behavior in individuals.
- Social Psychology: Examines how individuals think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Professional Applications
- Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology: Applies psychological principles to improve human behavior in workplace settings.
- Human Factors Psychology: Studies interactions between people and machines emphasizing safety and usability.
- Counseling Psychology: Offers support for individuals facing personal challenges and seeks to enhance overall well-being.
- Clinical Psychology: Focuses on diagnosing and treating psychological disorders.
Mental Health
- Psychiatry: A medical field focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental health disorders, often involving medication as treatment.
This summary encapsulates essential terms and concepts in psychology and highlights their significance within the field, aiding in understanding and retention for AP Psychology students.
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Prepare for your AP Psychology exam with this comprehensive set of flashcards. Each card covers key concepts, including foundational theories like empiricism, structuralism, and functionalism. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding and excel in your studies.