Questions and Answers
Classical conditioning involves _____ while operant conditioning involves _____.
associating two stimuli; associating a response and a consequence
Jack finds it extremely difficult to pull himself away from the blackjack table. This is a ________ schedule.
Which of the following is an example of a respondent behavior?
Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are called:
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When grocery shopping with his mother, 3-year-old Dre sometimes throws temper tantrums if his mother refuses his requests for a particular cereal. Parent-training experts would suggest that his mother should:
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According to operant conditioning principles, which of the following would NOT be recommended when dealing with a young girl who is resistant to going to school every morning?
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__________________ behavior operates on the environment, whereas ________________ behavior involves actions that are automatic responses to a stimulus.
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B.F. Skinner believed that teaching machines could promote effective learning because they allow for both:
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With continuous reinforcement, an organism is reinforced ________________. With intermittent reinforcement, an organism is reinforced ________________.
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Study Notes
Classical vs. Operant Conditioning
- Classical conditioning associates two stimuli, while operant conditioning links a response to a consequence.
- Examples include superstitious behaviors in pigeons and involuntary actions like drooling in dogs.
Schedules of Reinforcement
- Jack’s belief that the next blackjack hand will be his winning one exemplifies a variable-ratio schedule.
- This schedule leads to behavior persistence due to unpredictable reinforcement.
Respondent Behavior
- An example of respondent behavior is blushing when embarrassed.
- This type of behavior is automatic and triggered by specific stimuli.
Types of Behaviors
- Operant behaviors refer to voluntary actions that yield rewarding or punishing outcomes.
- These behaviors are influenced by consequences, shaping future actions.
Managing Tantrums
- Parental advice suggests ignoring Dre's tantrums while shopping, promoting appropriate behavior without reinforcement of the negative action.
- This strategy can help reduce the frequency of temper tantrums.
Dealing with Resistance
- Using time-outs or yelling is discouraged when addressing a child's resistance to school.
- Effective strategies include rewarding cooperation and ignoring complaints, fostering positive behavior.
Behavior Classifications
- Operant behavior actively interacts with the environment, while respondent behavior consists of automatic responses to stimuli.
- Understanding this distinction is essential for behavioral analysis.
B.F. Skinner's Educational Views
- Skinner advocated teaching machines as they allow for shaping and immediate reinforcement, enhancing the learning process.
- These methods promote better retention and understanding in students.
Reinforcement Schedules
- Continuous reinforcement occurs every time a desired behavior is displayed, fostering quick learning.
- Intermittent reinforcement rewards behavior sporadically, which can maintain behavior longer and create higher persistence.
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical and operant conditioning with this quiz. You'll explore the differences between these two pivotal concepts in psychology and their implications on behavior. Perfect for psychology students looking to refine their understanding of conditioning.
