Psychology Classical Conditioning Flashcards

Unconditioned Stimulus: Food presented initially triggers a natural response.
Neutral Stimulus: The bell rings without the food initially, does not elicit a response.
Unconditioned Response: Dog salivates when food is presented without any prior conditioning.
Conditioned Stimulus: After pairing the bell with food, the bell itself becomes a stimulus that can elicit a response.
Conditioned Response: The dog's salivation response occurs when the bell rings alone after conditioning.
Acquisition: The learning phase where the dog associates the bell with food over repeated pairings.
Extinction: Occurs when the conditioned stimulus (bell) is presented without the unconditioned stimulus (food), leading to a decrease in salivation.
Spontaneous Recovery: After extinction, presenting the bell with food again can reinstate the conditioned response.
Stimulus Generalization: Dog salivates to similar stimuli, such as a whistle, demonstrating a broadened response to other sounds.
Stimulus Discrimination: Dog does not salivate when hearing a whistle, indicating the ability to distinguish between different stimuli.

Instrumental Conditioning: Refers to operant conditioning, where behavior is modified through rewards or punishments.
Two Process Theory: Combines aspects of classical conditioning and operant conditioning to explain learning and behavior.
Positive Reinforcement: The addition of a rewarding stimulus, like a paycheck for going to work, encourages the behavior.
Negative Reinforcement: Removal of an unpleasant stimulus, such as avoiding speaking with the boss, reinforces the act of going to work.
Positive Punishment: Adding an unpleasant stimulus occurs when not going to work results in a confrontation with the boss.
Negative Punishment: The removal of a positive stimulus, such as losing pay for missing work, discourages the behavior of absence.

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