Psychology Class: Historical Foundations

<p>It decreases over trials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced neurotransmitter release due to longer Ca2+ channel opening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plato (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge is built upon the association of ideas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dualism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors are reinforced by consequences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a neutral stimulus that acquires meaning through conditioning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on subjective introspection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introspective methods in psychology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introspection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elicited behavior occurs due to specific stimuli, while emitted behavior is flexible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initiation of MAPs depends on the right conditions and specific stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appetitive behaviors are flexible and species-specific, whereas consummatory behaviors are more fixed and universal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brief distractions can restore a habituated response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It bypasses the brain to allow for quicker reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the application of supernormal stimuli featuring exaggerated traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning involves permanent changes, while performance may fluctuate based on external factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflexes are automatic responses triggered by specific stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning is based on the relationship between two stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between response and outcome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of expectancies and S1-S2 associations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rp = (D * sHr * K * V) – (Ir + sIr) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He emphasized the need for more complex assumptions about behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responses are voluntary and dependent on subject control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a condition of learning that reduces response probability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He emphasized the role of reinforcement in learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A theory explaining how emotional responses are regulated by the interaction of two processes: the a-process and the b-process.

An increase in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure, where the response magnitude remains high or increases.

Theory that explains both sensitization and habituation through two systems: S-R pathway for habituation and a state system for sensitization.

A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations, reflecting a form of learning where the stimulus is ignored.

The use of sea slugs (Aplysia) in research to study neural mechanisms behind habituation and sensitization.

The frequency of responses influenced by rewards and punishments.

Learning that occurs in response to a single stimulus presentation.

An indicator that learning has occurred, though not all changes are from learning.

Automatic responses triggered by specific stimuli.

Voluntary behaviors that are more flexible and adaptable.

Typical sequences of behavior specific to a species, often reflexive.

Recovery of a response due to a brief distraction after habituation.

Philosophy that argues all knowledge is innate and not acquired.

Philosophy asserting that all knowledge comes from experience.

The belief that mind and body are distinct entities.

Psychological approach focusing on observable behavior rather than introspection.

Learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus.

Principle stating that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are reinforced.

Connections between stimuli and responses, fundamental in learning theories.

Key principles guiding how knowledge is built through associations: contiguity, repetition, vividness, similarity.

Learning where the experimenter controls the relationship between stimuli.

Learning where the subject controls responses to receive outcomes.

The relationship between a response and whether an outcome occurs.

Hull's theory using formulas to describe behavior incorporating learning variables.

Tolman's view that animals form expectancies and learning doesn't require reinforcement.

A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

The motivation or internal reason behind a behavior in Hull's formula.

The strength of a learned behavior in response to stimuli, according to Hull.