Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the prevalence of Schizophrenia?
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the prevalence of Schizophrenia?
What is the difference between Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder?
What is the difference between Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder?
Which of the following statements about recovery from Schizophrenia is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about recovery from Schizophrenia is most accurate?
What is the relationship between Schizophrenia and violence?
What is the relationship between Schizophrenia and violence?
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According to the information, what aspects of a person's life can Schizophrenia affect?
According to the information, what aspects of a person's life can Schizophrenia affect?
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Who wrote this presentation?
Who wrote this presentation?
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What is Alicia Kuhr's role at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton?
What is Alicia Kuhr's role at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton?
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What is a CTRS?
What is a CTRS?
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Which factor is estimated to contribute the most significantly to the development of schizophrenia?
Which factor is estimated to contribute the most significantly to the development of schizophrenia?
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A patient is experiencing a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed, difficulty expressing emotions, and a general lack of motivation. According to the provided information, these symptoms are best categorized as which of the following?
A patient is experiencing a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed, difficulty expressing emotions, and a general lack of motivation. According to the provided information, these symptoms are best categorized as which of the following?
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What is the primary distinction between schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, based on the information provided?
What is the primary distinction between schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, based on the information provided?
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A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed a first-generation antipsychotic medication. Which of the following side effects is most closely associated with this type of medication?
A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed a first-generation antipsychotic medication. Which of the following side effects is most closely associated with this type of medication?
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used to stimulate nerve cells in which part of the brain?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used to stimulate nerve cells in which part of the brain?
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A patient is experiencing persistent, fixed false beliefs but does not have hallucinations or other psychotic symptoms. Which disorder is most likely?
A patient is experiencing persistent, fixed false beliefs but does not have hallucinations or other psychotic symptoms. Which disorder is most likely?
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What is the primary action of second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic medications in the brain?
What is the primary action of second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic medications in the brain?
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Which of the following is a key focus of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBT-P)?
Which of the following is a key focus of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBT-P)?
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Which of the following psychosocial therapies involves skills such as emotion regulation, distress tolerance and interpersonal skills training?
Which of the following psychosocial therapies involves skills such as emotion regulation, distress tolerance and interpersonal skills training?
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What is a key characteristic of psychosis?
What is a key characteristic of psychosis?
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Which of the following is NOT a targeted goal of the yoga program?
Which of the following is NOT a targeted goal of the yoga program?
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Which of the following team sports most directly supports the development of social competence skills, such as communication and social responsibility?
Which of the following team sports most directly supports the development of social competence skills, such as communication and social responsibility?
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What is the primary aim of community outings within a mental health recovery program?
What is the primary aim of community outings within a mental health recovery program?
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Which of the following is LEAST emphasized during goal setting sessions?
Which of the following is LEAST emphasized during goal setting sessions?
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Which of the following is a crucial safety consideration for the 'Creative Expressions' activity?
Which of the following is a crucial safety consideration for the 'Creative Expressions' activity?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical barrier to engagement in recreation therapy for individuals with mental illness?
Which of the following is NOT a typical barrier to engagement in recreation therapy for individuals with mental illness?
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What is the primary focus of forensic psychiatry?
What is the primary focus of forensic psychiatry?
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Which of the following strategies is NOT a recommended approach to address illness side effects in recreation therapy?
Which of the following strategies is NOT a recommended approach to address illness side effects in recreation therapy?
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What is a key consideration regarding stigma when planning community outings for forensic psychiatry patients?
What is a key consideration regarding stigma when planning community outings for forensic psychiatry patients?
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Which of the following recreation therapy interventions is generally considered most suitable for improving financial resources among patients?
Which of the following recreation therapy interventions is generally considered most suitable for improving financial resources among patients?
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What is the purpose of requiring physical activity clearance, such as a PAR-Q, prior to recreation therapy interventions?
What is the purpose of requiring physical activity clearance, such as a PAR-Q, prior to recreation therapy interventions?
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Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to be effective in addressing a patient's lack of developed leisure skills?
Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to be effective in addressing a patient's lack of developed leisure skills?
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What should recreation therapists consider regarding 'Other Time Commitments' when planning interventions?
What should recreation therapists consider regarding 'Other Time Commitments' when planning interventions?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of rehabilitation within forensic psychiatry?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of rehabilitation within forensic psychiatry?
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What is the main way to counteract drowsiness as a medication side effect?
What is the main way to counteract drowsiness as a medication side effect?
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Flashcards
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
A complex mental illness that affects thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Approximately 1% to 4% of the population experiences schizophrenia.
Multiple Personalities
Multiple Personalities
Schizophrenia does not mean having multiple personalities; that's a myth.
Treatment of Schizophrenia
Treatment of Schizophrenia
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Aggression and Schizophrenia
Aggression and Schizophrenia
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Cultural Impact on Schizophrenia
Cultural Impact on Schizophrenia
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Recovery from Schizophrenia
Recovery from Schizophrenia
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Benefits of Yoga
Benefits of Yoga
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Team Sports Impact
Team Sports Impact
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Goal Setting in Therapy
Goal Setting in Therapy
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Creative Expressions
Creative Expressions
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Community Outings Purpose
Community Outings Purpose
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Forensic Psychiatry
Forensic Psychiatry
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Barriers to Engagement
Barriers to Engagement
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Illness Side Effects
Illness Side Effects
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Medication Side Effects
Medication Side Effects
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Stigma
Stigma
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Lack of Resources
Lack of Resources
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Developed Skills
Developed Skills
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Recreation Therapy Interventions
Recreation Therapy Interventions
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Community Integration
Community Integration
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Take Home Considerations
Take Home Considerations
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Positive Symptoms
Positive Symptoms
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Negative Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
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Hallucinations
Hallucinations
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Delusions
Delusions
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Psychosis
Psychosis
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Antipsychotics
Antipsychotics
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
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Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
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Study Notes
Schizophrenia
- A complex mental illness impacting thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and relationships with others
- Affects both men and women, slightly more common in men
- First episode typically occurs in late teens/early twenties, usually earlier for men
- Occurs in all ethnicities, cultures, and socio-economic groups (0.3% -0.7%) of the world's population
Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetics (60%-80%)
- Brain development during birth and childhood
- Trauma or life-altering events
- Substance use in youth
- Environmental factors (e.g., urban living)
Positive Symptoms
- Add to or distort normal functioning
- Hallucinations (auditory, tactile, and visual)
- Delusions (false beliefs)
- Confused thoughts
- Disorganized speech
- Trouble concentrating
- Agitation
- Anxiety
Negative Symptoms
- Involve normal functioning loss or reduced
- Lack of pleasure
- Trouble with speech
- Restricted or flat affect
- Withdrawal
- Struggling with ADLs
- Decreased desire to socialize
- Lack of motivation
- Trouble sleeping
Functional Impairment
- Positive and negative symptoms lead to impaired function and decreased quality of life
- Cognitive symptoms (IQ, working memory) impact daily life
Psychosis
- One symptom of schizophrenia, representing a loss of touch with reality
- Two main symptoms: hallucinations and delusions
- Can be caused by various factors including mental health disorders, substance use, and others (e.g., dementia, brain tumors)
- Other symptoms include difficulty concentrating, withdrawal from others, and decline in hygiene
Psychosis vs. Schizophrenia
- Psychosis is an episode of detachment from reality, a symptom of several conditions (sleep deprivation, substance use, etc.)
- To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, one must experience at least two of the following for six months, including one of the first three: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, catatonic behaviors, and negative symptoms (lessened emotional expression)
Other Spectrum Disorders
- Schizoaffective disorder: A mix of schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder symptoms (depression or mania).
- Delusional disorder: Characterized by fixed false beliefs (delusions) that persist for more than a month, without other psychotic symptoms.
Treatment Options
- Medication (often first)
- Brain stimulation therapies (e.g., ECT, TMS)
- Psychosocial therapies (e.g., psychoeducation, DBT, CBT)
Medications
- Antipsychotic medications reduce or relieve psychosis symptoms
- First-generation (typical): Block dopamine (e.g., Haldol, Loxapine, Prolixin) side effects include drowsiness, constipation, muscle stiffness, spasms. – Second-generation (atypical): Block dopamine and serotonin (e.g., Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidal, Invega, Abilify, Seroquel) side effects include weight gain, sexual dysfunction, and dry mouth.
- Antidepressant medications alter brain chemicals (e.g., Lexapro, Prozac, Zoloft) with side effects such as jitteriness, dry mouth, nausea, increased appetite, weight gain, loss of sexual desire, fatigue, drowsiness, anxiety, irritability, agitation, dizziness, constipation, and blurred vision.
Brain Stimulation Therapies
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A last resort for mental health conditions like depression, mania, schizophrenia, and delusional disorders, involves short, controlled electrical pulses to stimulate the brain.
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Uses magnetic pulses to stimulate nerve cells in the prefrontal cortex for mood regulation, doesn't require anesthesia and may help with auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits.
Psychosocial Therapies
- Psychoeducation: Improves understanding of illness and treatment, positive thinking skills, anger management, medication management and coping skills
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Supports managing symptoms and improving life quality, focuses on emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal skills, social skills, and relapse prevention
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT): Supports symptom management and improving quality of life by identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns. CBT for Psychosis (CBT-P) helps patients respond to psychotic experiences (e.g., hallucinations and delusions).
Recreation Therapy & Schizophrenia
- Forensic Psychiatry: Focuses on the relationship between psychiatry and the law, includes inpatient care (assessments, rehabilitation, acute stabilization), fitness to stand trial, and criminal responsibility assessments for individuals under jurisdiction.
- Evidence-based recreation therapy programs aim for community integration.
Barriers to Engagement
- Illness side effects (e.g., disorganized thinking, slow movement, rapid mood changes, lack of motivation)
- Medication side effects (e.g., drowsiness, weight gain, constipation, muscle stiffness, nausea, fatigue, dry mouth, irritability and agitation)
- Stigma (negative attitudes and labels surrounding mental illness, reduced acceptance from community members, stigma through social media, shame related to diagnosis or associated actions)
- Lack of resources (financial, ODSP experience with homelessness, social relationships, lack of support due to illness, education or knowledge)
- Lack of developed skills (social skills, leisure skills, physical skills)
- Other time commitments (therapeutic programs, school/work priorities, family visits)
Take Home Considerations
- Length of programs
- Program variability
- Physical activity clearance (PAR-Q)
- Safety and risk considerations
Recreation Therapy Interventions
- Yoga
- Cricut
- Photovoice
- Team Sports
- How of Happiness
- Community Outings
- Pen to Paper
- Chair One Fitness
- Creative Expressions
- Goal Setting
- Armchair Travel
- Nintendo
- Board Games
- Cool Runnings
- Growing Gratitude
- Recording Studio
- Sober Leisure
Yoga
- Increased movement
- Psychological well-being
- Importance of relaxation
- Health benefits: multiple body systems simultaneously
- Reduced blood pressure
- Type 2 diabetes improvement
- Flexibility improved
- Positive effects on depression, anxiety, stress
- Improve emotional regulation
- Increase mood
- Offered 1–2 times per month
Team Sports
- Positive associations between activities and both psychological and physical effects
- Social competence, competition, and team atmosphere can improve aggression, impulse control, and conflict resolution strategies
- Cognitive benefits: Improved problem-solving, goal-setting, directions, attention, memory, and concentration
- Social benefits: Improved social confidence, communication, and reciprocal relationship skills
- Offered throughout the hospital multiple times per week (e.g., volleyball, baseball, basketball)
Goal Setting
- An integral component of psychiatric rehabilitation and behavioral change
- Enhances motivation, adherence, self-efficacy, and overall quality of life
- Establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART) goals produces better results.
Creative Expressions
- Provides a safe opportunity to express emotions, enhance positive emotions, and better oneself
- Evidence supports art as a therapeutic intervention to evoke emotional vulnerability in individuals with schizophrenia.
- Can be offered using a variety of mediums (e.g., paint, clay, markers, pottery, oil pastels)
Community Outings
- Aims to promote community reintegration and support patients' journeys towards mental health recovery
- Allows for rebuilding family ties, accessing community resources, and developing vocational and leisure skills, practicing skills and generalizing them to the social environment—a pillar of mental health recovery
- Provide essential information to influence patient care and discharge.
- Offered approximately 3 times per week.
Quotes from Patients
- Reported positive experiences regarding therapy.
Activity - Hearing Voices
- A specific activity about hearing voices
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Description
Test your knowledge on schizophrenia with this quiz, which covers prevalence, symptoms, recovery, and its relationship with violence. Delve into the distinctions between schizophrenia and related disorders while learning about the impacts on daily life. Ideal for psychology students or anyone interested in mental health.