Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ______ hypothesis suggests that social factors create stress which can trigger schizophrenia.
The ______ hypothesis suggests that social factors create stress which can trigger schizophrenia.
Social Causation
Individuals from lower socioeconomic groups may struggle to access ______, exacerbating their mental health issues.
Individuals from lower socioeconomic groups may struggle to access ______, exacerbating their mental health issues.
treatment
High population density in urban settings can lead to an experience of chronic ______, which is linked to schizophrenia.
High population density in urban settings can lead to an experience of chronic ______, which is linked to schizophrenia.
social defeat
Social ______ occurs when individuals with schizophrenia withdraw due to the stress of interacting with others.
Social ______ occurs when individuals with schizophrenia withdraw due to the stress of interacting with others.
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Stressful life circumstances such as ______ or poverty can contribute to the development of schizophrenia.
Stressful life circumstances such as ______ or poverty can contribute to the development of schizophrenia.
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Individuals with a genetic pre-disposition to schizophrenia may develop it as a result of ______ acting as a trigger.
Individuals with a genetic pre-disposition to schizophrenia may develop it as a result of ______ acting as a trigger.
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Long-term exposure to urban conditions, such as noise and light ______, may increase vulnerability to schizophrenia.
Long-term exposure to urban conditions, such as noise and light ______, may increase vulnerability to schizophrenia.
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Lower social class patients are often more likely to be brought to medical help by ______ or social services.
Lower social class patients are often more likely to be brought to medical help by ______ or social services.
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Unipolar depression is an example of a ______ disorder.
Unipolar depression is an example of a ______ disorder.
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In the context of depression, a significant weight change is considered to be ______% or more.
In the context of depression, a significant weight change is considered to be ______% or more.
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Approximately ______% of people in England will experience some type of depression in their lifetime.
Approximately ______% of people in England will experience some type of depression in their lifetime.
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Depression is around twice as common in ______ than it is in men.
Depression is around twice as common in ______ than it is in men.
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Cognitive symptoms of depression may include thoughts of ______ and low self-esteem.
Cognitive symptoms of depression may include thoughts of ______ and low self-esteem.
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Individuals diagnosed with unipolar depression often avoid ______ and social activities.
Individuals diagnosed with unipolar depression often avoid ______ and social activities.
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The most common age of onset for both men and women experiencing depression is between the ages of ______-44 years.
The most common age of onset for both men and women experiencing depression is between the ages of ______-44 years.
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About ______% of individuals diagnosed with unipolar depression will experience at least one more episode after recovery.
About ______% of individuals diagnosed with unipolar depression will experience at least one more episode after recovery.
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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) requires a depressed mood or loss of interest for more than ______ weeks.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) requires a depressed mood or loss of interest for more than ______ weeks.
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One of the symptoms of unipolar depression includes significant ______ change or change in appetite.
One of the symptoms of unipolar depression includes significant ______ change or change in appetite.
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Monoamines such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are important for ______ and cognition.
Monoamines such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are important for ______ and cognition.
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The monoamine hypothesis suggests that depression results from a decrease in monoamine ______ in the central nervous system.
The monoamine hypothesis suggests that depression results from a decrease in monoamine ______ in the central nervous system.
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Common coexisting conditions with Major Depressive Disorder include substance abuse and ______.
Common coexisting conditions with Major Depressive Disorder include substance abuse and ______.
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In Major Depressive Disorder, some individuals experience ______ or loss of energy.
In Major Depressive Disorder, some individuals experience ______ or loss of energy.
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Receptors on the postsynaptic neuron pick up serotonin released from the ______ neuron.
Receptors on the postsynaptic neuron pick up serotonin released from the ______ neuron.
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Suicidality in Major Depressive Disorder can manifest as thoughts of ______ or suicide plans.
Suicidality in Major Depressive Disorder can manifest as thoughts of ______ or suicide plans.
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Study Notes
Applications of Psychology - Clinical Psychology
- Paper 2 is about clinical psychology
- This includes diagnosis of mental disorders, classification systems, schizophrenia, unipolar depression and individual differences
- Includes methods for researching mental health, HCPC guidelines etc
- Key Figures/Studies mentioned include: Fish Schizophrene (1986), Rosenhan (1973), Carlsson et al (1999), Tsang et al (1999), Kroenke et al (2008), and Davis (2009) among others.
- The study also covers diagnosis of mental disorders using 4 Ds - deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger; classification systems DSM-5 and ICD-10; one biological explanation of schizophrenia, one non-biological explanation, and one biological treatment, in addition to one non-biological treatment.
Classification Systems
- DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) is a widely used classification system in the USA and other westernized countries.
- ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) is the global classification standard used by the WHO.
Schizophrenia
- Symptoms and features, including thought insertion, hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking, are described.
- Biological explanations, such as the role of neurotransmitters, especially dopamine (hyperdopaminergia), are discussed.
- Non-biological explanations (e.g., social causation) are examined.
- Biological treatments (e.g., antipsychotics) are detailed.
- Psychological treatments (e.g. Assertive Community Therapy) are clarified.
- Individual differences, like cultural influences, are highlighted.
Unipolar Depression
- Symptoms and features are described which include low mood and sadness, lethargy, loss of interest and pleasure, anxiety, disturbed sleep, and appetite disturbances)
- Biological explanations (e.g. the monoamine hypothesis) are addressed.
- Non-biological explanations (e.g., Beck's cognitive model) are discussed.
- Biological treatments (e.g., drug treatments such as SSRIs).
- Psychological treatments (e.g., CBT) are examined.
Research Methods
- Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural research methods are discussed.
- Primary and secondary data are explained.
- Case studies, including relevant example studies, are detailed.
- Interviews, with specific examples like the PHQ-8, are elaborated.
Diagnosing mental disorders
- Different classifications and systems involved will be discussed like the DSM and ICD
- The 4 criteria of diagnosing a mental disorder, including deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger are defined
- Issues regarding the validity and reliability of the classifications and systems, and how it varies from culture to culture, are presented
Additional Concepts
- The importance of the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) guidelines for clinical practitioners
- Ethical considerations in clinical practice
- The use of psychological knowledge in society for treatments and therapies.
- How cultural, gender and social differences affect diagnosis, and the validity and reliability of those diagnoses
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts related to schizophrenia, including the impact of social factors, stress triggers, and urban conditions. It also addresses the role of genetic predispositions and social support in mental health. Test your understanding of how these elements contribute to the development of this complex disorder.
