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Questions and Answers
What is the most generalized definition of psychosis?
What is the most generalized definition of psychosis?
A loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment of reality testing
Which of the following is a classification of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is a classification of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply)
Who coined the term schizophrenia?
Who coined the term schizophrenia?
Eugene Bleuler
Schizophrenia is more prevalent in women than in men.
Schizophrenia is more prevalent in women than in men.
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The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is about ___ percent.
The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is about ___ percent.
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What are the peak ages of onset for schizophrenia in men?
What are the peak ages of onset for schizophrenia in men?
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Substance abuse is uncommon in individuals with schizophrenia.
Substance abuse is uncommon in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Which factor is NOT a risk factor for schizophrenia?
Which factor is NOT a risk factor for schizophrenia?
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Match the risk factors with their descriptions:
Match the risk factors with their descriptions:
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The DSM V diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia includes having ___ or more of certain symptoms.
The DSM V diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia includes having ___ or more of certain symptoms.
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Study Notes
Psychosis
- Definition: Describes a loss of ego boundaries or a significant impairment of reality testing
- Reality testing impairment: Inability to differentiate between real experiences and fantasies
- Example: Creating an entirely new reality
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia: Most well-recognized, severe psychotic disorder.
- Schizophreniform Disorder: Similar to schizophrenia, but symptoms last for a shorter period (1-6 months).
- Schizoaffective Disorder: A combination of schizophrenia symptoms with a mood disorder (like depression or mania).
- Brief Psychotic Disorder: Characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting for 1 day to 1 month.
- Delusional Disorder: Marked by presence of delusions, but no other schizophrenic symptoms.
Schizophrenia
- No single sign is uniquely identifying
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Common characteristics:
- Disturbances in thought, emotion, behavior, and reality testing
- Eugene Bleuler: Coined the term "schizophrenia"
Epidemiology
- Prevalence: About 1% of the global population
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Equal prevalence in men and women:
- Onset: Earlier in men (15-25 years)
- Women: Bimodal onset, with peaks between 25-35 and at 40 (middle age)
- Late onset: After age 45
- Substance abuse: Common, over 50% of individuals with schizophrenia report drug abuse.
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Nicotine dependence: High, approximately 90%
- Reason: Reduces the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications
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Increased risk of medical illnesses: Around 80% of individuals with schizophrenia have additional health problems.
- Undiagnosed: Up to 50% of medical conditions
- Suicide: Significant risk, 50% experience suicidal ideation and 10-15% die by suicide
- Urban population impact: Correlation between schizophrenia and densely populated cities (over 1 million residents).
Risk Factors
- Biopsychosocial causes: Combined biological, social, and psychological factors.
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Biological:
- Genetic influence: Increased risk if family history of schizophrenia or other mental disorders.
- Neurotransmitters: Possible abnormal levels of dopamine, particularly high activity in the mesolimbic pathway.
Etiology (Continued)
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Social Factors:
- Migration: Increased schizophrenia rates among migrants.
- Urban birth and upbringing: Doubled risk compared to rural areas.
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Psychological Factors:
- Stressful life events: Significant impact on development.
- Early childhood trauma: Increased vulnerability.
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia
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A: Atleast two or more symptoms present for a significant portion of a month (or less if successfully treated). Atleast one must be from the first three:
- 1. Delusions: False beliefs not based on reality.
- 2. Hallucinations: False perceptions of reality (e.g., hearing voices).
- 3. Disorganized speech: Difficulty articulating thoughts clearly, frequent derailment or incoherence.
- 4. Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior: Disorganized actions or lack of movement (catatonia).
- 5. Negative symptoms: Reduction in normal emotions and behaviors (e.g., apathy, social withdrawal, lack of motivation).
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia (Continued)
- B: Significant decline in functional areas like work, relationships, and/or self-care since the onset of symptoms.
- C: Continuous signs (not just one episode) persist for at least 6 months.
- D: Schizophrenia isn't attributable to other medical conditions or substance use.
- E: Exclusion of other mental health conditions.
- F: If co-existing with autism spectrum disorder, prominent delusions or hallucinations must be present.
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Description
Test your knowledge on schizophrenia and psychotic disorders in this quiz. Explore key terms, prevalence, risk factors, and the DSM V criteria for diagnosis. This quiz covers important aspects of the classification and understanding of psychosis.
