Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most generalized definition of psychosis?
A loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment of reality testing
Which of the following is a classification of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply)
Who coined the term schizophrenia?
Eugene Bleuler
Schizophrenia is more prevalent in women than in men.
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The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is about ___ percent.
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What are the peak ages of onset for schizophrenia in men?
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Substance abuse is uncommon in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Which factor is NOT a risk factor for schizophrenia?
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Match the risk factors with their descriptions:
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The DSM V diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia includes having ___ or more of certain symptoms.
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Study Notes
Psychosis
- Definition: Describes a loss of ego boundaries or a significant impairment of reality testing
- Reality testing impairment: Inability to differentiate between real experiences and fantasies
- Example: Creating an entirely new reality
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia: Most well-recognized, severe psychotic disorder.
- Schizophreniform Disorder: Similar to schizophrenia, but symptoms last for a shorter period (1-6 months).
- Schizoaffective Disorder: A combination of schizophrenia symptoms with a mood disorder (like depression or mania).
- Brief Psychotic Disorder: Characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting for 1 day to 1 month.
- Delusional Disorder: Marked by presence of delusions, but no other schizophrenic symptoms.
Schizophrenia
- No single sign is uniquely identifying
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Common characteristics:
- Disturbances in thought, emotion, behavior, and reality testing
- Eugene Bleuler: Coined the term "schizophrenia"
Epidemiology
- Prevalence: About 1% of the global population
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Equal prevalence in men and women:
- Onset: Earlier in men (15-25 years)
- Women: Bimodal onset, with peaks between 25-35 and at 40 (middle age)
- Late onset: After age 45
- Substance abuse: Common, over 50% of individuals with schizophrenia report drug abuse.
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Nicotine dependence: High, approximately 90%
- Reason: Reduces the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications
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Increased risk of medical illnesses: Around 80% of individuals with schizophrenia have additional health problems.
- Undiagnosed: Up to 50% of medical conditions
- Suicide: Significant risk, 50% experience suicidal ideation and 10-15% die by suicide
- Urban population impact: Correlation between schizophrenia and densely populated cities (over 1 million residents).
Risk Factors
- Biopsychosocial causes: Combined biological, social, and psychological factors.
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Biological:
- Genetic influence: Increased risk if family history of schizophrenia or other mental disorders.
- Neurotransmitters: Possible abnormal levels of dopamine, particularly high activity in the mesolimbic pathway.
Etiology (Continued)
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Social Factors:
- Migration: Increased schizophrenia rates among migrants.
- Urban birth and upbringing: Doubled risk compared to rural areas.
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Psychological Factors:
- Stressful life events: Significant impact on development.
- Early childhood trauma: Increased vulnerability.
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia
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A: Atleast two or more symptoms present for a significant portion of a month (or less if successfully treated). Atleast one must be from the first three:
- 1. Delusions: False beliefs not based on reality.
- 2. Hallucinations: False perceptions of reality (e.g., hearing voices).
- 3. Disorganized speech: Difficulty articulating thoughts clearly, frequent derailment or incoherence.
- 4. Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior: Disorganized actions or lack of movement (catatonia).
- 5. Negative symptoms: Reduction in normal emotions and behaviors (e.g., apathy, social withdrawal, lack of motivation).
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia (Continued)
- B: Significant decline in functional areas like work, relationships, and/or self-care since the onset of symptoms.
- C: Continuous signs (not just one episode) persist for at least 6 months.
- D: Schizophrenia isn't attributable to other medical conditions or substance use.
- E: Exclusion of other mental health conditions.
- F: If co-existing with autism spectrum disorder, prominent delusions or hallucinations must be present.
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Description
Test your knowledge on schizophrenia and psychotic disorders in this quiz. Explore key terms, prevalence, risk factors, and the DSM V criteria for diagnosis. This quiz covers important aspects of the classification and understanding of psychosis.
