Psychology Chapter on Reinforcement Schedules
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Psychology Chapter on Reinforcement Schedules

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes variable ratio reinforcement?

  • Reinforcer is delivered after a set period of time.
  • Reinforcement is based solely on observable behavior.
  • Reinforcement timing varies unpredictably across responses. (correct)
  • Reinforcement is given after a fixed number of responses.
  • What is an example of fixed interval reinforcement?

  • Winning a prize every ten attempts at a game.
  • A child whining intermittently for candy.
  • Getting paid every week.
  • A student visiting the library before exams. (correct)
  • Which schedule of reinforcement produces a scallop-shaped pattern of responding?

  • Variable ratio reinforcement.
  • Variable interval reinforcement.
  • Fixed interval reinforcement. (correct)
  • Continuous reinforcement.
  • In Bandura's social learning theory, which component is essential for retention?

    <p>Attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following limitations is noted in early behaviorist learning theories?

    <p>They do not account for emotional influences on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of positive punishment on behavior?

    <p>It decreases the likelihood of a behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus?

    <p>Negative Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does continuous reinforcement mean in operant conditioning?

    <p>Responses are always reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does shaping work in operant conditioning?

    <p>By reinforcing increasingly similar behaviors to the desired response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Reinforcement is given after a specific number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during extinction in operant conditioning?

    <p>A previously reinforced behavior decreases in frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of negative punishment?

    <p>The removal of a pleasant stimulus reduces the frequency of a behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of intermittent reinforcement?

    <p>Responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of the classical conditioning process?

    <p>A neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process of extinction in classical conditioning?

    <p>The diminishing of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is higher order conditioning in classical conditioning?

    <p>When a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an established conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of stimulus generalization, what does it mean when a dog salivates to any bell sound?

    <p>The dog is displaying stimulus generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle explains why Little Albert developed a fear of white and furry objects?

    <p>Higher order conditioning due to the loud noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reinforcement encourages a behavior to occur more frequently by providing a favorable consequence?

    <p>Positive reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule of reinforcement leads to a high rate of response that is resistant to extinction?

    <p>Variable ratio schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring?

    <p>By adding an aversive stimulus or removing a pleasant one</p> Signup and view all the answers

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