Psychology Chapter on Psychodynamic Theory
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of psychodynamic theory?

  • Observable behaviors and their relationship to the environment.
  • Resolving a patient's conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings. (correct)
  • The influence of early childhood experiences on behavior.
  • The impact of social and cultural aspects on personality.

    • According to the structural theory of personality, which component is primarily driven by instinct and pleasure?

  • The Preconscious
  • The Ego
  • The Id (correct)
  • The Superego

    • Which component of the personality, according to the structural theory, acts as the 'control and reason' element?

  • The Superego
  • The Conscious
  • The Ego (correct)
  • The Id

    • In the topographical theory of personality, which level is associated with thoughts and feelings that are not fully in our awareness?

    <p>Unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four qualities of an instinct?

    <p>A Manifestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of personality is most associated with the internal conflict of 'right and wrong'?

    <p>The Super Ego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the framework of psychodynamic theory, what does 'impetus' describe?

    <p>The force that motivates action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is a core idea relating to the Id, Ego, and Superego?

    <p>They are in a constant state of conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ego?

    <p>To satisfy the id in socially acceptable ways while avoiding guilt, anxiety, and punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'reality testing,' as discussed in the text, primarily involve?

    <p>Evaluating if an action is realistic or socially acceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what is 'cathexis'?

    <p>The attachment of energy to imagined objects that would relieve tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the superego play in relation to the id's cathexis?

    <p>It pushes you to find real-world solutions to weaken the bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'identification' refer to in the secondary process?

    <p>The object in reality that matches the wished-for object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lecture example, what is the immediate outcome of identifying a real object in relation to the hunger?

    <p>The student thinks about where to buy the food after the lecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect when the id is satisfied?

    <p>The id passes more energy to the ego.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the 'ID' according to this text?

    <p>To avoid pain and seek pleasure by satisfying instinctual needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of channeling the 'death instinct' in a socially acceptable way, based on the content?

    <p>Expressing aggression through art or creative activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ID primarily achieve satisfaction?

    <p>Utilizing a primary process and reflex action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'primary process' in the ID involve?

    <p>Attaching ID energy to an external object to relieve tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which of these is a characteristic of the 'ID'?

    <p>It is chaotic and operates without a sense of time or space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided material, what is the main function of the 'ego'?

    <p>To mediate between the conflicting demands of the ID, superego and reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 'reflex action', as discussed in the text, with reference to the ID?

    <p>A spontaneous, uninhibited reaction without prior thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a stronger ego respond compared to a weaker one, based on the example provided?

    <p>It is able to effectively balance desires of the id with external considerations such as safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what developmental period does the superego primarily form?

    <p>Early childhood (4-7 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial mechanism through which the superego develops?

    <p>Identification with a powerful parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the superego, according to the text?

    <p>Focusing on rationality and logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the superego use guilt to control behavior?

    <p>By creating feelings of discomfort and self-hate for not following its ideals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main aspects of the superego?

    <p>The 'Internal Policeman' and the 'Ego Ideal'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative affect of a very harsh superego?

    <p>Workaholism, excessive anxiety, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a mediated superego on behavior?

    <p>It helps individuals engage in meaningful relationships and contributes positively to society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of the superego?

    <p>To encourage individual expression of desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a very weak superego?

    <p>A psychopathic personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ego according to the provided information?

    <p>To balance the demands of the id and superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of parenting is likely to lead to a strong superego?

    <p>Very strict parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a healthy ego as described in the text?

    <p>The ability to move out of self-absorption and connect with others and be productive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ego is weak?

    <p>The person is gullible and open to abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what are the two main aspects of a healthy person?

    <p>Love and work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the impact of parenting on personality development?

    <p>Parenting influences the strength of the id, ego, and superego.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychodynamic Theory

    • Psychodynamic theory focuses on resolving a patient's conscious and unconscious conflicts.
    • Psychoanalytic theory, by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes early childhood experiences influencing all life behaviors.
    • Neo-Freudians adapted psychoanalytic theory to integrate relational, social, and cultural aspects.

    The Psychodynamic Perspective

    • Freud's psychoanalysis emphasizes the inner person.
    • Structural theory of personality divides the psyche into the id, ego, and superego.
    • The topographical theory describes the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of mind.
    • Defense mechanisms protect the ego from anxiety.
    • Psychosexual development theory outlines stages of personality development.

    Personality Structure

    • Structural theory: id, ego, superego
    • Topographical theory: conscious, preconscious, unconscious
    • The structures co-exist within the personality.

    ID

    • Driven by instinct and pleasure.
    • Operates on the pleasure principle (seeking pleasure and avoiding pain).
    • Wants immediate satisfaction ("I want it now").
    • Present from birth.
    • Animalistic and childish desires.
    • Exists entirely in the unconscious mind.

    Ego

    • The mediator between the id and superego.
    • Guided by the reality principle.
    • Attempts to satisfy the id's desires in socially acceptable ways.
    • Develops later than the id.
    • Operates in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious minds.
    • Mediates between id and superego

    Superego

    • Develops around ages 4-7.
    • Guided by internalized parental rules and ideals.
    • Based on identification with parent figures.
    • Motivated by maintaining personal identity, and adherence to society's standards.
    • Contains the "internal policeman": prohibitions and moral standards.
    • Contains the "ego ideal": aspirations to become a perfect version of self.
    • Operates in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious minds.

    Instincts

    • Instincts have four qualities: source, aim, object, and impetus.
    • Aim is tension reduction
    • There is a life instinct (eros) and death instinct (thanatos)
      • Eros instincts, including sex, nurturance, and affiliation
      • Thanatos instincts, including self-aggression and aggression toward others

    Channels of the Death Instinct

    • Aggression: violent and aggressive behaviors directed toward oneself or others.
    • Socially acceptable channels:
      • Competitive sports
      • Art
      • Healthy relationships/marriage
    • Reflected in self-destructive actions.

    The Ego's Function

    • Satisfies id demands while obeying superego.
    • Uses defense mechanisms to reduce anxieties.
    • Uses reasoning.

    Reality Testing and Secondary Process

    • The superego helps with reality testing
    • The ego mediates between the id and the external world using reality testing
    • The secondary process helps the ego handle frustration and delay gratification.

    Identification

    • Children model themselves after parent figures. This is called identification.
    • Identification produces values, behaviors, and characteristics.

    Superego as an Adult

    • Driven by perfection, status, social approval, and respect.
    • Can lead to guilt and feelings of inadequacy.

    Two Aspects of the Superego

    • Internal policeman: internal prohibitions.
    • Ego ideal: internalized standards.

    Psychodynamic Personality Types

    • Harsh superego: Guilt-ridden, overly duty-bound, incapable of saying no.
    • Weak superego: Psychopaths - lack of morals and conscience.
    • Healthy superego: The personality is functional, able to connect with others, exhibit love and work.

    Summary of the ID, Ego, and Superego

    • The id seeks immediate gratification.
    • The ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego.
    • The superego represents internalized social and moral standards.

    A Healthy Ego

    • A strong ego can satisfy id urges without feeling guilty, controlling, or over-controlled.
    • A healthy ego can connect with others and remain productive and avoid self-absorption.

    Reflection and Exercise

    • Consider personal strengths and weaknesses related ego, superego, and id
    • Evaluate prominent figures' id, ego, and superego strengths

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    Psychodynamic Theory PDF

    Description

    Dive into the core concepts of psychodynamic theory with this insightful quiz. Test your knowledge on the structural and topographical theories of personality, including the roles of the Id, Ego, and Superego. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of psychological dynamics.

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