Psychology Chapter on Freud and Neo-Freudians

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Questions and Answers

What is characterized by the repression of sexual interests and the development of social and intellectual skills?

Genital Stage

Psychoanalytic Stage

Latency Period (correct)

Infancy Period

According to Freud's theories, which factor is commonly overlooked in his psychoanalytic perspective?

Gender differences

Biological influences

Childhood experiences

Sociocultural factors (correct)

What concept refers to the belief in one's own abilities as emphasized in Social Cognitive Theory?

Locus of control

Self-efficacy (correct)

Observational learning

Reciprocal determinism

Which Neofreudian emphasized the importance of social connections and feelings of inferiority?

Alfred Adler Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five Personality Factors?

Emotional Instability Signup and view all the answers

What methodology does Walter Mischel advocate for in personality assessment?

Situationism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'archetypes' in Carl Jung's theory?

Universal themes and emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of self-report inventories in personality assessment?

Objective tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychodynamic therapy?

Analyzing unconscious thoughts and feelings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes systematic desensitization?

Associating deep relaxation with anxiety-producing stimuli Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive behavioral therapy, what is the ABC approach primarily concerned with?

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'deindividuation' refer to in social behavior?

Sense of anonymity leading to reduced accountability Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of client-centered therapy as developed by Carl Rogers?

Unconditional positive regard for clients Signup and view all the answers

In Milgram's study on obedience, what percentage of participants completed the entire shock regimen?

65% Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy technique involves learning new responses to previously conditioned stimuli?

Counterconditioning Signup and view all the answers

What does 'group think' impede in group decision-making?

Desire for group harmony Signup and view all the answers

Aggression that is motivated by feelings and intended to inflict pain is known as what type of aggression?

Hostile aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of altruism in social behavior?

To help others despite potential costs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method used in projective tests for assessing personality?

Patient describes ambiguous inkblots Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of anxiety disorders?

They are unpleasant feelings of fear. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern raised about the DSM?

It includes too many new disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mood disorders?

Include symptoms of mania exclusively Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'insanity' in a legal context?

A defendant was irrational when the crime took place. Signup and view all the answers

What factor is typically excluded when considering the causes of psychological disorders?

Legal regulations Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Perceived flaws in physical appearance Signup and view all the answers

In terms of prevalence rates, which of the following anxiety disorders has the highest prevalence?

Specific Phobia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Lack of social support Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the biopsychosocial model?

Interaction between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

Persistent depressed mood for at least 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Antisocial Personality Disorder is distinguished by which of the following traits?

Complete disregard for the feelings and rights of others Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'dissociative identity disorder' (DID)?

Presence of multiple distinct identities Signup and view all the answers

What psychological component most strongly relates to the development of Bipolar Disorder?

Genetic influence and biological factors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective

Freud's theory features stages of psychosexual development, with the Oedipus complex emerging during the phallic stage.
Issues with Freud's theory include vagueness, untestability, overemphasis on sex, and neglect of social and later-life factors.

Neo-Freudian Perspectives

Alfred Adler: Individual psychology emphasizes compensation for perceived inferiority, forming the inferiority complex. Social connections and birth order are crucial.
Erik Erikson: Developed eight psychosocial stages of development across the lifespan.
Carl Jung: Proposed a collective unconscious shared by all humans, encompassing archetypes (universal themes).
Karen Horney: Focused on social factors, addressing gender bias and emphasizing the need for security.

Albert Bandura: Highlights reciprocal determinism (interaction between personality and environment) and observational learning (acquiring behaviors through observation). Self-efficacy is essential.
Julian Rotter: Introduced the concept of locus of control (belief about personal power over life events).

Situationism and Personality

Walter Mischel: Emphasizes situational influences on personality (situationism). Self-regulation, exemplified by the marshmallow test, is relevant.

Humanistic Approach to Personality

Abraham Maslow: Emphasizes self-actualization (reaching full potential).
Carl Rogers: Focuses on self-concept, conditions of worth, and the distinction between the real-self and ideal-self.

Biological Approach to Personality

Minnesota twin studies indicate significant genetic influence on personality. Neurotransmitters play a role (e.g., dopamine and extraversion).

Trait Theories of Personality

Gordon Allport: Identified three trait categories: cardinal, central, and secondary.
Raymond Cattell: Argued traits exist on a continuum.
Hans and Sybil Eysenck: Proposed two personality dimensions: extraversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
Big Five Factors: Five key dimensions of personality (openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism).

Personality Assessment: Self-Report Inventories and Projective Tests

Self-report inventories (e.g., NEO-PI-R, MMPI-2) measure personality using self-reported responses.
Projective tests (e.g., Rorschach, TAT) utilize ambiguous stimuli to infer personality attributes.

Psychological Disorders: Definition, Classification, and Causes

Psychological disorders are characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, often influenced by cultural contexts.
The DSM-5, is a primary diagnostic tool for classifying psychological disorders.
Causes of disorders involve complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences (biopsychosocial model).

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders feature excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, differing substantially from normal anxiety.
Specific phobia: Excessive fear of a particular object or situation.
Social anxiety disorder: Persistent fear of social situations.
Panic disorder: Reccuring panic attacks.
Generalized anxiety disorder: Chronic, excessive anxiety.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

Other Anxiety, Mood, and Dissociative Disorders

Body dysmorphic disorder: Preoccupation with perceived physical flaws.
Hoarding disorder: Excessive accumulation of items.
PTSD: Reaction to a traumatic event characterized by flashbacks, avoidance, and hyperarousal.
Mood disorders (depressive and bipolar): Severe disturbances in mood.
- Major depressive disorder: Prolonged sadness without mania.
- Persistent depressive disorder: Chronic low mood.
- Bipolar disorder: Alternating periods of depression and mania.
Schizophrenia: Severe disruptions in cognitive thought/perception.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID): Presence of two or more distinct personalities.

Personality Disorders

Personality disorders represent enduring, maladaptive personality patterns that significantly impact social functioning. Examples include Borderline Personality Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Treatment Approaches

Psychotherapy aims to improve personal well-being and address problems.
Different approaches include psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and integrative therapies.

Group psychology: Topics include conformity, risky-shift, groupthink, group polarization, social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation, and social contagion.
Intergroup relations: Explores prejudice, aggression, and altruism among groups and individuals.
Social identity theory: Emphasizes the role of ingroups and outgroups in self-image.

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Description

Explore Freud's psychosexual development theory along with Neo-Freudian perspectives from Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. The quiz covers key concepts like the Oedipus complex, inferiority complex, psychosocial stages, and social cognitive theory. Test your understanding of these foundational ideas in psychology.