Freud's Psychodynamic Theory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the id primarily seek according to Freud's psychodynamic theories?

Moral understanding

Immediate gratification (correct)

Social acceptance

Long-term fulfillment

Which component of personality develops after the id and functions based on the reality principle?

Superego

Conscience

Ego (correct)

During which developmental stage does the superego emerge?

At birth

Preschool years (correct)

Infancy

Adolescence

What is a potential consequence of an unbalanced psyche according to Freud's theory?

Neurosis Signup and view all the answers

What primary instinct does the ego work to satisfy?

Both id's and superego's demands Signup and view all the answers

What is the superego primarily associated with?

Moral values Signup and view all the answers

How does Freud describe healthy development in relation to the three components of personality?

Achieving a balance among the three components Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced during young adulthood?

Establishing close friendships and intimate relationships Signup and view all the answers

What instinctual drives does Freud argue require societal control for normal development?

Aggressive and sexual instincts Signup and view all the answers

What feeling may arise from a failure to establish close relationships in young adulthood?

Isolation Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves the concern of productivity in work or family life?

Generativity versus stagnation Signup and view all the answers

In old age, what do individuals assess during the ego integrity versus despair stage?

Their overall life accomplishments Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to feelings of stagnation in middle adulthood?

Failure to express oneself productively Signup and view all the answers

How does Erikson’s theory view development in relation to adolescence?

It continues throughout the lifespan Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is directed at Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

It lacks clarity on developmental causes Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for those who successfully resolve previous psychosocial crises in old age?

Sense of integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Watson's view on child development?

The influence of environmental experiences Signup and view all the answers

According to research by Thomas and Chess, what plays a significant role in the development of a child's temperament?

The quality of parenting provided Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'canalisation' refer to in the context of child development?

The influence of genetics and environment on behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a widely accepted view among theorists today regarding child development?

Both nature and nurture contribute to development Signup and view all the answers

What does sensitive caregiving do to a child's temperament?

It can positively influence the development of a child Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is considered strongly canalised in infants?

Development of motor skills Signup and view all the answers

How does Watson believe a child's future profession can be shaped?

Through environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with the implications of Watson's views?

Learning and environmental interactions can change developmental trajectories. Signup and view all the answers

What key concept is central to Erikson's theory of development?

The influence of maturation and social factors Signup and view all the answers

What approach to psychology did John Watson establish?

Behaviorism Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding from Pavlov's research with dogs?

Dogs can associate a neutral stimulus with a conditioned response. Signup and view all the answers

What does classical conditioning primarily involve?

Pairing neutral stimuli with natural responses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes Watson's view on the determinants of development?

Nurture is the primary influence Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant criticism of Erikson's theory according to the provided content?

It does not specify how or why development occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Pavlov’s conditioned response is true?

It can be elicited by a previously neutral stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of evolutionary psychology?

The human mind is a product of evolution like other bodily organs. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is known for suggesting that behavior can be studied scientifically?

John Watson Signup and view all the answers

How does the theory of mind relate to survival in human evolution?

It helps in understanding mental states which may enhance social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the lengthy childhood development provide according to the content?

It ensures children acquire necessary skills for functioning in society. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model emphasize in studying child development?

The broader environmental systems interacting with the child. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an aspect of development influenced by evolutionary psychology?

The differing types of play exhibited by boys and girls. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of child development is least influenced by evolutionary perspectives?

The development of artistic abilities. Signup and view all the answers

Why do humans require a longer period for psychological maturity compared to other animals?

To allow for the acquisition of complex social skills. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts best describes the interplay of multiple environmental systems affecting a child?

Bioecological model. Signup and view all the answers

Which author is known for their work on the psychology of intelligence?

Piaget, J. Signup and view all the answers

What concept is associated with the dual-route cascade model in reading development?

Cognitive strategies for reading Signup and view all the answers

Who conducted the New York Longitudinal Study focusing on temperament?

Thomas and Chess Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following texts discusses the foundations of ethology?

The Foundations of Ethology Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for emphasizing the role of social interaction in cognitive development?

Vygotsky, L.S. Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher is associated with behaviorism and emotional conditioning?

Watson, J.B. Signup and view all the answers

Which book was authored by Martin and Pear?

Behavior Modification: What It Is and How to Do It Signup and view all the answers

Which text discusses the emotional reactions through conditioning?

Conditioned Emotional Reactions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Child Development: Introduction

This book focuses on child development from birth to 8 years
Key changes observed during this period include physical growth, language and communication skills, reasoning, and social interactions
Studying child development is important for understanding care, education, and well-being of children
The chapter provides basic context for the study of development as a whole
It explores fundamental issues and various theoretical approaches to understanding development

Nature vs Nurture

Development is a holistic process influenced by both biological and environmental factors (nature and nurture)
Nature refers to biological and genetic factors; nurture to experience and environment
Some theorists consider development as a continuous, gradual process with improvements in abilities and skills
Others view development as a series of abrupt changes in stages, where each stage has qualitative differences from the previous one
The "nature vs nurture" debate is a central issue in development research

Theories of Development

A theory is a set of observations organized to explain a phenomenon, such as development
Key theories include psychodynamic, learning, cognitive-developmental, ethological, evolutionary psychology, and bioecological perspectives.

Psychodynamic Theories

Psychodynamic theories, such as Freud's, originate from treating individuals with neuroses
Freud's theory proposes that personality comprises the id (basic urges), ego (reality principle), and superego (moral compass).
Development is driven by the interaction of these three components.
Freud's psychosexual theory suggests that development occurs through stages centered around erogenous zones (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital)
Erikson's theory, a psychosocial approach, emphasizes social influences over sexual urges and outlines stages with age-related crisis resolutions, such as trust vs mistrust

Learning Theories

Learning theories emphasize the environment's role in development.
Classical conditioning, pioneered by Pavlov and applied to human behavior by Watson (Little Albert experiment), involves associating a neutral stimulus with a response leading to a conditioned response
Operant conditioning, developed by Skinner, focuses on how behaviours are strengthened or weakened based on consequences (reinforcement or punishment)

Cognitive-Developmental Theories

Cognitive-developmental theories focus on how children's thinking shapes their development
Piaget's theory suggests that development occurs in stages marked by distinct ways of thinking (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational)
Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interaction and the zone of proximal development (the difference between what a child can do alone and with guidance) in promoting development

Ethology and Evolutionary Psychology

Ethology is concerned with how behavior promotes species survival influenced by evolutionary factors
Sensitive periods are times when development is most receptive to environmental influences
The concept of the bioecological model (Bronfenbrenner) considers development as interacting systems with the child at the center. Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem are identified and development is influenced by their interaction.

Information-Processing Accounts

This approach views the mind as an information processor
Development is seen as improvements in processing abilities (memory, attention, problem-solving)

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Description

Test your knowledge on Freud's psychodynamic theories and the components of personality. This quiz covers key concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, alongside their developmental stages and associated challenges. Perfect for psychology students wanting to deepen their understanding of Freud's model of the psyche.