Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the core concept of Lazarus’s Cognitive Theory of Stress?

  • The amount of stress is determined by the stressor itself.
  • The physical response to stressors.
  • A person’s perception of a stressor determines the amount of stress. (correct)
  • All stressors are equally damaging regardless of perception.

    • Which personality type is particularly linked to an increased risk of heart disease due to traits such as hostility?

  • Type B Behavior Pattern
  • Type D Behavior Pattern
  • Type C Behavior Pattern
  • Type A Behavior Pattern (correct)

    • What is the primary factor contributing to the higher levels of stress hormones in individuals with low socioeconomic status?

  • Stable employment conditions.
  • Higher smoking rates and irregular eating patterns. (correct)
  • Higher levels of physical fitness.
  • Greater access to social support.

    • What stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome describes the body's response when efforts to resist a stressor fail?

    <p>Exhaustion Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cancer, which psychological factor contributes to less distress in patients?

    <p>Maintaining an optimistic outlook.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the unconscious mind primarily consist of according to Freud's theory?

    <p>Instincts and fears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of Freud's personality structure is responsible for making rational decisions?

    <p>Ego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?

    <p>To protect the ego from anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of projection as a defense mechanism?

    <p>An individual accusing others of being dishonest while being untrustworthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which psychosexual stage does the ego primarily develop?

    <p>Anal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'superego' refer to in Freud's personality structure?

    <p>The moral conscience and ethical standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique did Freud use that involves interpreting dreams to understand the unconscious?

    <p>Dream interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adult traits are associated with problems during the Anal Stage of development?

    <p>Excessive cleanliness and stinginess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept explains the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to personal traits and negative outcomes to external factors?

    <p>Self-Serving Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with influencing attraction?

    <p>Public perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, which component does NOT represent a type of love?

    <p>Idealized Love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the findings of Solomon Asch's Experiment on Conformity?

    <p>Using a visual line-matching task, participants conformed to incorrect majority responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves requesting a small favor before a larger one?

    <p>Foot-in-the-door Technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the feelings of inferiority stemming from childhood experiences, according to Adler's Individual Psychology?

    <p>Inferiority Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the revival of sexual interests and the establishment of mature sexual relationships in Freud's theory called?

    <p>Genital Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the Collective Unconscious in Jung's Analytical Psychology?

    <p>A reservoir of universal experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social facilitation influence individual performance?

    <p>It enhances performance when others are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when group discussions strengthen members' initial attitudes?

    <p>Group polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with cognitive dissonance?

    <p>Amity among decision-makers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an attitude involves feelings or emotions related to the attitude object?

    <p>Emotional component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bystander effect?

    <p>The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help when others are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a biological factor that influences aggression?

    <p>Low serotonin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Groupthink primarily concerned with?

    <p>Achieving harmony at the expense of rational decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social loafing refer to?

    <p>Reduced effort in a group setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that prejudice arises from competition for limited resources?

    <p>Realistic Conflict Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Stanford Prison Experiment, participants' behavior was significantly influenced by what?

    <p>Their assigned social roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Holmes and Rahe's study suggest about the impact of life changes on stress levels?

    <p>Adjusting to major life changes can cause stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with increased psychological discomfort in the workplace?

    <p>Low-paying, low-status jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality type is associated with contributing to heart disease?

    <p>Type A personality with a cynical attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of uplifts according to the stress and coping process?

    <p>Uplifts can help neutralize the effects of daily hassles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor contributes to burnout in professions such as police and healthcare?

    <p>High workload and emotional demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measure?

    <p>It assigns point values to life events based on their stress impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fight or flight response?

    <p>Activation of the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about ulcers and stress?

    <p>Ulcers are entirely caused by stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of daily hassles on psychological health?

    <p>They can cause more stress than major life changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

    • Levels of Consciousness:
      • Conscious: Thoughts, perceptions.
      • Preconscious: Memory, stored knowledge.
      • Unconscious: Instincts, fears, selfish motives. (Unconscious thoughts cannot be voluntarily accessed)
    • Techniques to Access the Unconscious:
      • Free Association: Patients talk nonstop.
      • Dream Interpretation: Dreams reveal unconscious thoughts.
      • Freudian Slips: Verbal mistakes revealing unconscious desires.
    • Personality Structure:
      • ID: Primitive, instinctive, seeks immediate gratification (pleasure principle), present from birth.
      • Ego: Rational, decision-making, operates on the reality principle (delays gratification), develops around ages 2-3.
      • Superego: Moral, develops around ages 5-6, composed of the conscience (rules) and ego ideal (aspirations).
        • Ego ideal: Pride from good actions.
        • Conscience: Guilt from bad actions.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Definition: Ego's protective methods to reduce anxiety through distortion and self-deception.
    • Examples:
      • Repression: Unconsciously removing unpleasant memories. (e.g., forgetting a traumatic childhood event).
      • Projection: Attributing your own negative traits to others. (e.g., an unhappy person blaming others).
      • Denial: Refusing to acknowledge a threatening situation. (e.g., ignoring a tornado warning).
      • Rationalization: Providing a logical excuse, not the real reason. (e.g., "I didn't get the job because I lacked connections").
      • Regression: Reverting to earlier, less mature behavior. (e.g., crying when criticized).

    Psychosexual Stages of Development

    • Definition: Five developmental periods focusing on pleasure gratification for normal personality development.
    • Oral (Birth-1 year): Pleasure center: Mouth. Conflicts: Weaning. Associated traits: optimism, dependency, pessimism, hostility, sarcasm, aggression. (Possible problems from conflicts in early development).
    • Anal (1-3 years): Pleasure center: Anus. Conflicts: Toilet training. Associated traits: cleanliness (or messiness), orderliness (or rebelliousness), stinginess, destructiveness.
    • Phallic (3-5 or 6 years): Pleasure center: Genitals. Conflicts: Oedipus complex (boys). Associated traits: flirtatiousness, vanity, promiscuity, pride, chastity.
    • Latency (5-6 years to puberty): Pleasure center: None. Conflicts: Sexual calm, interest in school, hobbies, same-sex friendships. Associated traits: None.
    • Genital (Puberty onwards): Pleasure center: Genitals. Conflicts: Mature sexual relationships. Associated traits: sexual dysfunctions.

    Psychodynamic/Neo-Freudian Theories

    • Adler's Individual Psychology: Motivation from life goals, not unconscious forces. Inferiority complex: Feelings of inferiority from childhood experiences.
    • Jung's Analytical Psychology: Two unconscious layers: Personal (individual experiences) and collective (inherited, universal experiences). Archetypes: Universal, symbolic patterns.
    • Horney's Blended Psychology: Personality shaped by child-parent relationships. Basic anxiety: Feelings of helplessness arising from a hostile childhood environment. Promoted women's positive traits and criticized Freud's theory from a feminist perspective.

    Introduction to Social Psychology

    • Social Cognition: Mental processes in perceiving and interacting with others.
    • Attribution: Explaining behavior:
      • Situational (external factors).
      • Dispositional (internal factors).
    • Impression Formation and Management: Forming and influencing others' opinions.
    • Self-Serving Bias: Attributing success to oneself, failure to external factors.
    • Actor-Observer Effect: Attributing our actions to situations, others' actions to personality.
    • Fundamental Attribution Error: Overemphasizing personality, underemphasizing situations.
    • Attraction: Factors influencing attraction: proximity, mood, reciprocity, similarity, physical attractiveness.
    • Intimate Relationships: Factors in intimate relationships, romantic attraction, matching hypothesis, Sternberg's Triangular theory (intimacy, passion, commitment) and descriptions of the different types of love.
    • Conformity, Obedience, and Compliance: Types of social influence.
      • Conformity (Asch experiment, social norms)
      • Obedience (Milgram experiment)
      • Compliance (foot-in-the-door, door-in-the-face, low-ball techniques).

    Group Influence

    • Social Facilitation/Social Loafing: Effects of groups on individual performance.
      • Social facilitation: Enhanced performance with others.
      • Social loafing: Decreased effort in groups.
    • Group Decision Making: Influences on individual decisions in groups: polarization, groupthink.
    • Social Roles: Expectations for behavior based on positions.

    Attitudes and Attitude Change

    • Attitudes: Beliefs, feelings, and behaviors towards objects or issues. Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral components of an attitude.
    • Cognitive Dissonance: Discomfort from conflicting beliefs or behaviors.
    • Persuasion: Process of changing attitudes or behaviors. Elements: source, audience, message, medium.

    Prosocial Behavior

    • Prosocial behavior: Actions intended to benefit others.
    • Reasons for helping: Altruism, empathy, commitment, social responsibility norms.
    • The Bystander Effect: Less likely to help if others are present (Darley and Latané's research).

    Aggression

    • Aggression: Behavior intended to harm others.
    • Biological Factors: Genes, low arousal, high testosterone, low serotonin, brain damage, alcohol use.
    • Other Influences: Frustration-aggression hypothesis, cognitive-neoassociationistic model, group behavior, social learning theory.

    Prejudice and Discrimination

    • Prejudice: Preconceived negative opinion or feeling about a group.
    • Discrimination: Unfair treatment of individuals based on group membership.
    • Roots: Realistic conflict theory, in-groups/out-groups, social-cognitive theory, stereotypes, ethnocentrism.

    Stress and Health Psychology

    • Mythbusters: Debunking stress-related myths.
    • Sources of Stress:
      • Life changes (SRRS).
      • Daily hassles and uplifts.
      • Stress in the workplace.
      • Catastrophic events (PTSD).
      • Racism and socioeconomic status.
    • Responding to Stress:
      • General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
      • Lazarus's Cognitive Theory.
      • Coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused).
      • Personal factors (optimism, hardiness).
    • Health and Illness:
      • Wellness approach.
      • Biomedical model vs. health psychology.
      • Coronary heart disease, cancer, immunology and stress.
    • Personal factors and stress reduction: optimism, hardiness, religion, social support.
    • Lifestyle and health: smoking, alcohol abuse, diet, exercise, gender differences, and their impacts on health and well-being.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, including the levels of consciousness, techniques to access the unconscious mind, and the structural components of personality. Explore free association, dream interpretation, and defense mechanisms to enhance your understanding of psychological processes.

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