Psychology condense 9 pg 57-63 Chapter on Conformity and Obedience

The tendency for individuals to align their behaviors and beliefs with group norms, even when they may privately disagree.

Occurs when individuals conform to group norms because they want to avoid social rejection or disapproval.

Individuals conform to group norms because they believe the group has more information or expertise than they do.

A phenomenon where the initial opinions of group members become amplified during group decision-making.

Occurs when maintaining group harmony is prioritized over critical thinking and objective analysis of the situation.

A breakdown of social bonds between an individual and their community, potentially leading to feelings of isolation and disconnection.

A form of conformity where individuals do a task to get a reward or avoid punishment, but their internal beliefs may not align with their actions.

A form of conformity where individuals try to act, dress, or behave like someone they admire or to be like them.

When we conform to a group's behaviours, beliefs, or values because we want to be accepted or avoid rejection.

We conform because we believe others have more knowledge than us, and we want to be right.

A study where participants were asked to judge the length of lines, even when others gave obviously wrong answers, demonstrating the influence of conformity.

The idea that human behaviour is best understood as a whole, not by breaking it down into smaller parts.

People who act as participants in a study but are actually instructed to give specific responses.

The process of fully integrating an idea, belief, or behaviour into our own values and actions.

A type of error where a participant thinks that the wrong answer given by others is actually correct due to social influence.

The tendency for people to believe that the world is a just place, where good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people. This can lead to blaming victims and justifying harmful actions.

The degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized to real-world settings. A study lacking ecological validity may not accurately reflect how people behave in everyday situations.

In experimental research, this occurs when participants change their behavior based on their understanding of the study's purpose. They might try to please the experimenter or act in ways they believe are expected.

The extent to which participants are unaware of the true purpose of the study. Deception is often used in psychological research to prevent participants from altering their behavior.

The degree to which the results of a study can be replicated by other researchers. A study that can be replicated is considered more reliable and scientifically sound.

A research method that involves directly observing and recording behavior in a natural setting, without manipulating any variables. This approach helps researchers understand how people behave in their everyday lives.

A research method that involves manipulating one or more variables and observing the effects on another variable. This approach helps researchers determine cause-and-effect relationships.

The willingness to obey orders or instructions from an authority figure, even if those orders conflict with one's personal beliefs or morals.

When a group's members agree about a specific issue, it increases the chance someone will conform.

Feeling connected to a group increases our likelyhood of conforming to that group's behavior.

When other people can visually observe our actions, it often leads to increased conformity.

People are more likely to obey orders from authority figures who are physically close to them.

The legitimacy of an authority figure can strongly influence obedience.

People are more likely to obey orders if they are given by a respected institution (e.g., government agency).

When people cannot see the victim of their actions, they are more likely to obey orders to harm them.

The presence of someone defying authority can encourage others to do the same, decreasing obedience.

The process of learning how to interact with others and understand society's norms, values, and beliefs.

Organizations and institutions that influence our social learning, such as family, school, peers, and mass media.

Standards for what behaviors are acceptable and unacceptable within a group.

Rewards and punishments for behaving in accordance with or against norms.

Norms that are written down, such as laws or school rules.

Norms that are understood but not explicitly stated, often learned through observation and experience.

The process of learning social skills outside of the formal academic curriculum, such as obeying authority or interacting with peers.

The influence of peers on our behaviors, beliefs, and values.

The tendency for individuals to feel less responsible to help in an emergency when there are other people present.

The idea that when individuals are in a group, they feel less personal responsibility to act because they assume others will take care of it.

When individuals are in a large group, they may feel less inhibited and more likely to act in ways they wouldn't normally, often due to reduced sense of individual identity.

How the presence of others influences our performance. It can either enhance or hinder depending on the task's difficulty and our skill level.

Refers to the response that is most likely to occur in a given situation. It is influenced by factors such as practice and skill.

The phenomenon where individuals tend to exert less effort when working in a group, especially when individual contributions aren't evaluated.

The decrease in individual effort that often occurs in group tasks where individual performance isn't measured.

A scenario where a person was stabbed, raped, and robbed while 38 people were in the vicinity, illustrating the bystander effect.