Social Psychology Quiz: Conformity, Group Dynamics, and Obedience
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Social Psychology Quiz: Conformity, Group Dynamics, and Obedience

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Questions and Answers

What are the key characteristics when forming first impressions?

  • Trustworthiness/warmth and competence/dominance (correct)
  • Ingratiation and false consensus effect
  • Self promotion and exemplification
  • Intimidation and supplication

    • Which factor influences overall perception by presenting information first?

  • Confirmation bias
  • False consensus effect
  • Transference
  • Primacy effect (correct)

    • What is the term for applying the schema of someone known to understand someone new?

  • Transference (correct)
  • Heuristics
  • Exemplification
  • Impression management

    • Why are first impressions not accurate according to the text?

    <p>They may pick up on facial expressions influenced by fleeting emotions, not representative of personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud's theory, which part of personality represents immediate gratification?

    <p>Id</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Freud's psychosocial development do conflicts such as the Oedipus and Electra complexes occur?

    <p>Phallic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the need for security in childhood?

    <p>Karen Horney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what does the preconscious mind contain?

    <p>Memories that can be accessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what are the three levels of awareness in his theory?

    <p>Unconscious, subconscious, conscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of personality represents morality according to Freud's theory?

    <p>Superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is normative social influence?

    <p>Pressure to conform to gain approval &amp; avoid disapproval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social facilitation?

    <p>Working towards a goal where individual efforts are evaluated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social loafing?

    <p>Not pulling your weight, individual efforts will not be evaluated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the Milgram Studies?

    <p>Blind obedience to someone presenting authority in a white coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Burger Study replicate from the Milgram study?

    <p>Replicated Milgram study in 2009 (Voltage max at 150V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is instrumental aggression?

    <p>Goal is to achieve something (social, emotional, physical)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hostile aggression?

    <p>Reactive -&gt; Goal to hurt another person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do theories of aggression consider?

    <p>Gender differences in aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences neural influences on aggression?

    <p>Complicated behavior, no one area controls it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors can influence aggression?

    <p>Painful incidents, heat/hot weather, crowding, social provocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes prosocial behavior?

    <p>Actions intended to benefit others (helping, sharing, cooperating, comforting)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to attachment theory, why do infants develop strong emotional bonds with caretakers?

    <p>As a survival strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attribution theory explain?

    <p>How people attribute the cause of experiences and behaviors to internal or external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error?

    <p>They affect how individuals perceive and attribute the causes of actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of society are situational factors often overlooked in favor of internal factors?

    <p>Individualistic societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are stereotypes perpetuated?

    <p>Learned and perpetuated from one's environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can social categorization lead to?

    <p>In-group favoritism and out-group derogation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forms in which racism can manifest?

    <p>Overt or symbolic racism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Robber's Cave Study demonstrate?

    <p>The impact of competition and contact hypothesis on reducing stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social identity theory explain?

    <p>In-group favoritism and out-group derogation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of attitudes mentioned?

    <p>Explicit or implicit attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive dissonance theory explain?

    <p>The conflict between actions and attitudes, leading to post-decision dissonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency to remember information encountered first and how it influences overall perception called?

    <p>Primacy effect: tendency to remember info we encounter first, influencing your overall perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the strategies used to influence impressions such as self-promotion, ingratiation, exemplification, intimidation, and supplication?

    <p>Impression management: strategies used to influence impressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency to overestimate the commonality between oneself and other people called?

    <p>False consensus effect: tendency to use the self as an anchor and overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitudes are similar to our own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are first impressions not accurate according to the text?

    <p>They may pick up on facial expressions influenced by fleeting emotions not representative of personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Robber's Cave Study demonstrate?

    <p>The impact of competition and contact hypothesis on reducing stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error?

    <p>They affect how individuals perceive and attribute the causes of actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social identity theory explain?

    <p>In-group favoritism and out-group derogation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive dissonance theory explain?

    <p>The conflict between actions and attitudes, leading to post-decision dissonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individualistic societies tend to perceive situational factors?

    <p>Overlook them in favor of internal factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes overt racism?

    <p>Explicit forms of discrimination and prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of informational social influence?

    <p>To conform based on the desire to behave correctly or gain an understanding of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic effect of social categorization?

    <p>Simplifies the environment but can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group derogation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are stereotypes learned and perpetuated from?

    <p>One's environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes symbolic racism?

    <p>Indirect forms of discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of central route persuasion?

    <p>Engaging individuals with strong, logical arguments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between social facilitation and social loafing?

    <p>Social facilitation involves individual efforts being evaluated, while social loafing does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes normative social influence?

    <p>Pressure to conform in order to gain approval and avoid disapproval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of the Burger Study that replicated the Milgram study?

    <p>Voltage maxed at 150V in the replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes instrumental aggression from hostile aggression?

    <p>Instrumental aggression aims to achieve a goal, while hostile aggression aims to hurt another person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the neural influences on aggression according to the text?

    <p>Aggression is a complicated behavior and no single area of the brain controls it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes prosocial behavior?

    <p>Behavior intended to help others with no expectation of personal benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud's theory, what is the id responsible for?

    <p>Immediate gratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the concept of collective unconscious and archetypes?

    <p>Carl Jung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Karen Horney identify as three neurotic personality patterns?

    <p>Moving toward people, moving against people, and moving away from people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud's psychosocial stages of personality development, what concept is associated with erogenous zones and fixation?

    <p>Erogenous zones and fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Alfred Adler's "striving for superiority" refer to?

    <p>&quot;Overcoming feelings of inferiority&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Freud's theory, what does the preconscious mind contain?

    <p>Memories that can be accessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of personality does the superego represent according to Freud's theory?

    <p>Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Maslow's humanistic theories emphasize?

    <p>Conscious free will and personal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by extreme social avoidance, introversion, and loneliness?

    <p>Avoidant PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is associated with a pervasive detachment from social relationships and a preference for solitary activities?

    <p>Schizoid PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by instability of emotions, relationships, and identity?

    <p>Borderline PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is associated with excessive attention-seeking behavior and dramatic emotional displays?

    <p>Histrionic PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by extreme need to be taken care of, clingy behavior, and constant helplessness?

    <p>Dependent PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Grandiosity" and "lack of empathy" are key characteristics of which personality disorder?

    <p>Narcissistic PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is associated with excessive concern for order and control, preoccupation with rules, and rigid stubbornness?

    <p>Obsessive-compulsive PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by recurrent suicidal behaviors, unstable emotions, and impulsive behavior?

    <p>Borderline PD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Psychology Overview

    • Attribution theory explains how people attribute the cause of experiences and behaviors to internal or external factors.
    • Self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error affect how individuals perceive and attribute the causes of actions.
    • Individualistic societies tend to overlook situational factors in favor of internal factors, while collectivistic societies are more sensitive to situational factors.
    • Stereotypes are learned and perpetuated from one's environment and can lead to prejudice and discrimination.
    • Social categorization simplifies the environment but can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group derogation.
    • Racism can manifest as overt or symbolic racism, with the latter being indirect forms of discrimination.
    • The Robber's Cave Study demonstrated the impact of competition and contact hypothesis on reducing stereotypes.
    • Social identity theory explains in-group favoritism and out-group derogation.
    • Attitudes can be explicit or implicit, and persuasion can occur through central or peripheral routes.
    • Cognitive dissonance theory explains the conflict between actions and attitudes, leading to post-decision dissonance.
    • Social influence and social norms shape behaviors and preferences, leading to conformity and obedience.
    • Informational social influence leads individuals to conform based on the desire to behave correctly or gain an understanding of the world.

    Freudian Theory and Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality

    • Freud's theory includes three levels of awareness: conscious mind, preconscious mind, and unconscious mind
    • The conscious mind is what a person is presently aware of, while the preconscious mind contains memories that can be accessed and the unconscious mind contains repressed thoughts and motivations
    • The id, ego, and superego are the three parts of personality, with the id representing immediate gratification, the ego representing reality, and the superego representing morality
    • Unhealthy personalities develop when there is an imbalance between the id, ego, and superego
    • Freud's psychosocial stages of personality development include erogenous zones and the concept of fixation
    • The anal-retentive and anal-expulsive personalities develop during toilet training based on the child's reaction to the training
    • Conflicts during the phallic stage include the Oedipus and Electra conflicts
    • Neo-Freudian theories include Carl Jung's collective unconscious and archetypes, Alfred Adler's "striving for superiority," and Karen Horney's focus on the need for security
    • Adler's "striving for superiority" refers to overcoming feelings of inferiority, while Horney's work emphasizes the need for security in childhood
    • Horney identified three neurotic personality patterns: moving toward people, moving against people, and moving away from people
    • Humanistic theories emphasize conscious free will and personal growth, developed in the 1960s by Maslow
    • Maslow studied the lives of healthy and creative individuals to form his humanistic approach

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on social psychology concepts such as normative social influence, social facilitation, social loafing, and the Milgram Studies. Explore how individuals behave in group settings and the impact of authority figures on obedience.

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