Psychology Chapter on ASD and DSM-V Changes

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Questions and Answers

What sensory behavior might indicate a high tolerance for pain?

Uses repetitive hand movements

Has aversions to certain textures

Repetitively puts hands over ears

Has high tolerance for pain (correct)

Which behavior is indicative of an atypical focus on sensory input?

Engages in nonfunctional play with objects

Lines up toys or objects

Looks at objects or people out of the corner of the eye

Explores sensory aspects of toys and objects (correct)

Which behavior is NOT typically associated with sensory input differences?

Has normal sensitivity to sounds (correct)

Tends to engage in repetitive hand movements

Looks at objects with visual fascination

Squints eyes while looking at objects

What might indicate an insistence on sameness?

Repetitively turns lights on and off Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior observed in individuals with sensory processing differences?

Visual inspection of objects without play Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to limit screen time for children during meals?

To prevent them from being distracted by gadgets while eating. Signup and view all the answers

What is one suggested practice to help children improve their eating behavior?

Modeling correct utensil use during meals. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is it recommended to have therapy meals or snacks?

For skill building in a structured environment. Signup and view all the answers

What should caregivers avoid doing when feeding a client?

Ensuring the client is not too full. Signup and view all the answers

What role does family mealtime play in children's eating habits?

Eating together as a family fosters greater appreciation for meals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of hyperactive impulsive behavior?

Blurting out answers at inappropriate times Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the sensory processing issues faced by individuals with hyperactive impulsivity?

They do not notice when they are dirty. Signup and view all the answers

How can hyperactive impulsive behavior manifest during classroom activities?

Difficulty in staying seated and completing tasks Signup and view all the answers

What might an individual with hyperactive impulsiveness struggle with when interacting with peers?

Maintaining sportsmanship and social relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which quadrant in the sensory profile indicates a high threshold for sensory input?

Seeking Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is commonly seen in hyperactive impulsive individuals that affects how they respond to classroom stimuli?

They tend to fidget and tap their feet. Signup and view all the answers

How does the impulsivity of hyperactive individuals affect their task completion?

They often struggle to return to tasks once distracted. Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach do individuals with a low neurological threshold typically exhibit?

Active approach; actively seeking stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change was made regarding the classification of disorders in DSM V?

Reorganization of the classification of the disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic behavior of individuals with ASD?

Difficulty engaging in social games Signup and view all the answers

How has the conceptualization of disorders resulting from general medical conditions changed in DSM V?

They are integrated into a new classification Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior reflects nonverbal communicative deficits in individuals with ASD?

Total lack of facial expression Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus for occupational therapy (OT) regarding children with ASD?

Instilling flexibility and acceptance of change Signup and view all the answers

What is a noted difficulty in verbal communication within individuals with ASD?

Inconsistent use of language Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ASD, what does inflexibility often correlate with?

Executive functioning issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors would typically not be seen in someone with ASD?

Expressing excitement about achievements Signup and view all the answers

What are common issues faced by children with ASD in terms of their occupations?

Problems in all areas of occupation Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is specifically tailored to address sensory concerns in children with ASD?

Sensory Based Interventions Signup and view all the answers

What do behavioral modification techniques emphasize for children with ASD?

Teaching-learning strategies Signup and view all the answers

Why do children with ASD require multiple sessions and evaluations for feeding interventions?

Feeding sensitivities and preferences require detailed understanding Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of delayed development and sensory concerns in children with ASD?

Behavioral impairments Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intervention focuses on joint attention for children with ASD?

Social Learning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of children with ASD as mentioned?

Excessive social engagement Signup and view all the answers

What factor should be considered when planning interventions for children with ASD?

Environmental conditions in the classroom Signup and view all the answers

Which area is likely to be severely impacted by sensory processing issues in children with ASD?

Occupational performance Signup and view all the answers

How does functional cognition relate to children with ASD?

It encompasses their daily living skills Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DSM-V Changes

The DSM-V eliminated the multiaxial system used in previous versions.
The categorical system of classification was also removed in the DSM-V.
The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score was removed.
The DSM-V reorganized the classification of disorders.
The DSM-V changed the way disorders resulting from general medical conditions are conceptualized.

Nonverbal Communicative Behaviors

Individuals with ASD often exhibit poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication.
Abnormalities in eye contact and body language may also be present.
Deficits in understanding and using gestures, and a lack of facial expressions, can be seen.

Insistence on Sameness

Individuals with ASD demonstrate inflexible adherence to routines, ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior, and a strong need for sameness.

Sensory Processing

Sensory processing issues are common in ASD and manifest in a range of ways, including aversions to certain textures, sensitivity to sounds or light, persistent sensory focus, and atypical responses to sensory input.
The body's sensory processing can be divided into two continua: self-regulation, which involves passive and active approaches; and neurological threshold, which ranges from high to low threshold. These continua lead to four quadrants: Registration, Seeking, Sensitivity, and Low Registration.

Hyperactive Impulsive

Hyperactive impulsive behaviors are often observed in individuals with ASD.
These behaviors include: acting without thinking, exhibiting a "on the go" demeanor, blurting out answers, difficulty staying seated, and difficulty waiting for their turn.

Sensory Profile Quadrants

Registration: Individuals with low registration need additional sensory input to respond to stimuli but take a passive approach.
Seeking: Individuals with seeking behaviors need additional sensory input to respond but actively seek stimuli.
Sensitivity: Individuals with sensitivity respond readily to low-threshold stimuli but do not actively avoid them.
Low Registration: Individuals with low registration need additional sensory input but tend to avoid stimuli.

Interventions for Occupations

Interventions for individuals with ASD should address all areas of occupation due to the varied presentation of symptoms.
Occupational therapy interventions often address sensory issues, motor skills, functional cognition, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and regulation skills.

Sensory-Based Interventions

Sensory-based interventions aim to address sensory concerns in individuals with ASD.

Joint Attention

Joint attention is crucial for individuals with ASD, as it is a fundamental skill for social interaction.

Interventions must include social learning strategies to improve social skills, interactions, and understanding.

Environmental Modifications

Environmental modifications can enhance the individual's ability to participate in daily activities by reducing sensory overload or promoting structure and routine.

Behavioral Interventions

Behavioral interventions, such as Behavioral Modification Techniques (BMTs), may be implemented to address challenging behaviors and promote positive behaviors.

Nutrition Interventions

Nutrition interventions are essential for individuals with ASD due to potentially complex feeding issues, including sensory sensitivities and preferences.

Education Interventions

Interventions for individuals with ASD should consider aspects of education such as grade level, school type (traditional, progressive, Montessori), and classroom type.

Feeding Interventions

Nutritional intervention should involve multiple sessions with the client to properly evaluate and observe their needs.
Limiting screen time is important to prevent dependence on technology for eating and encourage the development of healthy eating habits.
Therapy meals and snacks can be used to build skills and promote social eating experiences.
If applicable, occupational therapists should work with caregivers to ensure appropriate feeding patterns and environments.

Motor Skill Interventions

Individuals with ASD may exhibit motor skill challenges that can impede participation in daily activities.
Challenges are not due to physical limitations but are often related to sensory issues, delayed development, and/or motor planning issues.

Behavior Modification Techniques

Proper observation of behaviors is essential to determine whether a behavior is primarily sensory or behavioral.

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Description

This quiz covers significant changes made in the DSM-V, particularly in relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It explores nonverbal communication behaviors, insistence on sameness, and sensory processing issues faced by individuals with ASD. Test your knowledge on these essential aspects of psychology and diagnostic criteria shifts.