Psychology Chapter: Habituation and Sensitization
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of habituation?

  • A decrease in the strength or occurrence of a behavior after repeated exposure to a stimulus (correct)
  • An increase in the strength of a behavior after repeated exposure to a stimulus
  • The complex process of memory retrieval following extensive learning
  • The ability to learn from novel stimuli only

What is the primary function of diffusion tensor imaging in research?

  • Assessing blood flow in the brain
  • Mapping changes in cognitive function over time
  • Evaluating emotional responses to stimuli
  • Mapping the structural connections between different regions of the brain (correct)

Which principle of habituation describes the occurrence of a response to a previously habituated stimulus after a period of no stimulus?

  • Spontaneous recovery (correct)
  • Long term habituation
  • Stimulus specificity
  • Dishabituation

Which statement accurately describes sensitization?

<p>It involves a global increase in responsiveness to all stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does stimulus intensity have on the process of habituation?

<p>Habituation is slower and less likely with more intense stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway represents habituation according to dual process theory?

<p>Primary reflex pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes dishabituation?

<p>Renewal of a response when a novel stimulus is presented (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological response observed in Aplysia when the siphon is touched?

<p>Gill withdrawal reflex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the orienting response typically indicate?

<p>An innate reaction to a novel stimulus or environmental change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the high threshold state system in dual process theory?

<p>It produces a reflex response to noxious stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does habituation help organisms in their environment?

<p>It enables them to identify novel events and discriminate between stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature does habituation exhibit with weak stimuli?

<p>Specific decline in responsiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of long-term habituation?

<p>To accumulate habituation effects across repeated exposures to a stimulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Aplysia californica commonly used in studies of learning and memory?

<p>Its large neurons facilitate direct observation of neural mechanisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about stimulus specificity is correct?

<p>Habituation to one stimulus does not affect responses to other stimuli in the same modality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the response when a similar stimulus is presented after habituation?

<p>The response weakens relative to the first exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of habituation?

<p>Decrease in response to repeated exposure to benign stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when an innocuous stimulus leads to a decrease in response, while a noxious stimulus increases responsiveness to various stimuli?

<p>Sensitization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common principle of habituation?

<p>Increase in response specificity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sensitization is true?

<p>It can occur after exposure to a single noxious stimulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the spacing of stimulus presentations affect habituation?

<p>Spaced presentations create better long-term habituation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of habituation in certain situations?

<p>Ignoring important warnings like a low smoke detector battery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates sensitization from habituation?

<p>Sensitization is not stimulus specific while habituation is (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during dis-habituation?

<p>An increase in responses due to a novel or strong stimulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Habituation

A decrease in the strength or occurrence of a behavior after repeated exposure to the stimulus that produces it.

Startle Response

A defensive response to a sudden, unexpected or threatening stimulus.

Orienting Response

An innate reaction to a novel stimulus or change in the environment.

Spontaneous Recovery

A stimulus-evoked response that has been weakened by habituation increases in strength or reappears after a period of no stimulus presentation.

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Stimulus Specificity

Habituation to one event doesn't cause habituation to all other stimuli in the same sensory modality.

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Dishabituation

A renewal of a response, previously habituated, that occurs when the organism is presented with a novel stimulus.

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Long-term Habituation

The accumulation of habituation effects across repeated sessions of exposure to a stimulus.

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What is the adaptive function of habituation and sensitization?

To help us learn which stimuli are important and prioritize responses to them. This allows us to efficiently focus on new and important information.

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Sensitization

An increase in the strength or likelihood of a response following exposure to a strong or noxious stimulus.

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Short-Term Sensitization

The temporary increase in responsiveness to stimuli following exposure to a strong stimulus.

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Long-Term Sensitization

The persistent increase in responsiveness to stimuli following exposure to a strong stimulus.

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Habituation vs Sensitization

Habituation is a decrease in response to a repeated, benign stimulus. Sensitization is an increase in response to a strong, noxious stimulus.

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Dual Process Theory

A theory explaining habituation and sensitization as two separate processes: a stimulus-specific weakening pathway and a global strengthening system.

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Gill Withdrawal Reflex

A defensive reflex in Aplysia where the gill retracts into the mantle when stimulated.

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State System

The system responsible for sensitization, increasing responsiveness to all stimuli.

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Reflex Pathway

The neural pathway responsible for specific stimulus-response reactions.

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Aplysia

A sea slug commonly used to study the neural mechanisms of learning and memory due to its simple nervous system.

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Imaging technique that maps the structural connections between different brain regions.

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Study Notes

Habituation and Sensitization

  • Learning from repeated exposure to stimuli involves predicting which stimuli are important and prioritizing responses.
  • Habituation is a decrease in a behavior's strength or occurrence after repeated exposure.
  • It involves reducing automatic responses to certain stimuli, such as startle response or orienting response.
  • Spontaneous recovery is an increase in a stimulus-evoked response after weakening it via habituation.
  • Stimulus specificity refers to habituation to one stimulus not causing habituation to others.
  • Dishabituation is the renewal of a previously habituated response when a novel stimulus is introduced.

Principles of Habituation

  • Habituation is more likely to occur with weak stimuli.
  • Stimulus specificity is how one stimuli habituates does not affect others.
  • Short and long term habituation is present.

Habituation and Sensitization in Aplysia

  • Habituation is stimulus-specific, weakening the response to familiar stimuli.
  • Sensitization occurs when strong or noxious stimuli cause an increase in response to other stimuli.
  • Aplysia (sea hare) has a simple nervous system, making it a good model organism for studying these processes.

Habituation Summary

  • A decrease in the strength or occurrence of a behavior after exposure to a stimulus.
  • The stimulus is usually benign or uninteresting.

Sensitization Summary

  • An increase in the strength of response to other stimuli after strong or noxious stimulus.
  • The effect often decreases over time.
  • Not specific, and can effect the response to a much broader range of stimuli.

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L&M Lecture 4: Habituation and Sensitization PDF

Description

Explore the concepts of habituation and sensitization in this quiz. Learn about how repeated exposure to stimuli affects behavioral responses, including spontaneous recovery and stimulus specificity. Delve into these principles through the study of Aplysia to understand the underlying mechanisms of learning.

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