Questions and Answers
What is Memory?
The process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills learned in the past.
What are the 3 types of memory?
Episodic Memory, Semantic Memory, Implicit Memory.
What is Episodic Memory?
The memory of a specific event.
What is Semantic Memory?
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What is Implicit Memory?
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What is the Top of the Tongue Phenomenon?
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What are the three processes of memory?
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What is Encoding?
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What is Storage?
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What is Retrieval?
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What is Visual Code?
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What is Acoustic Code?
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What is Semantic Code?
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What is Maintenance Rehearsal?
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What is Elaborate Rehearsal?
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What are Organizational Systems?
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What are Filing Errors?
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What are Context Dependent Memories?
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What are State Dependent Memories?
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What are the 3 stages of memory?
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What is Sensory Memory?
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What is Iconic Memory?
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What is Eidetic Memory?
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What is Echoic Memory?
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What is Short-Term Memory (STM)?
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What is Primacy Effect?
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What is Recency Effect?
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What is Chunking?
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What is Interference?
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What is Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
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What is Recognition?
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What is Recall?
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What is Relearning?
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What is Decay Theory?
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What is Repression?
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Who is responsible for repressed memories?
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What is Amnesia?
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What is Infantile Amnesia?
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What is Retrograde Amnesia?
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What is Anterograde Amnesia?
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What are 5 strategies that can be used to improve memory?
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What is Drill and Practice?
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What are Mnemonic Devices?
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Why is eyewitness testimony convincing?
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What are some errors/problems with eyewitness testimony?
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What are Schemas?
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Study Notes
Memory Overview
- Memory is the process of recollecting past experiences, information, and skills.
Types of Memory
- Episodic Memory: Memory of specific events (e.g., recalling a dinner).
- Semantic Memory: General knowledge (e.g., learning the alphabet).
- Implicit Memory: Skills and procedures retained over time (e.g., riding a bike).
Memory Processes
- Encoding: Initial processing of information, translating it for memory retention (e.g., remembering a character's death).
- Storage: Maintaining information over time.
- Retrieval: Recovering information from memory for conscious thought.
Memory Codes
- Visual Code: Creating mental images.
- Acoustic Code: Recording memories as sequences of sounds (e.g., theme songs).
- Semantic Code: Representing information by its meaning (e.g., memory aids for planets).
Memory Retention Techniques
- Maintenance Rehearsal: Simple repetition of information; ineffective for long-term retention.
- Elaborate Rehearsal: Linking new information to known concepts; effective for memory retention.
Memory Errors
- Filing Errors: Memory is subject to inaccuracies.
- Context Dependent Memories: Recall based on the context in which the memory was formed (e.g., specific locations).
- State Dependent Memories: Recall influenced by the mood present during the original memory.
Stages of Memory
- Sensory Memory: Initial, brief capture of sensory information.
- Short-Term Memory (STM): Limited capacity, lasts approximately 30 seconds.
- Long-Term Memory (LTM): Large capacity and long duration, information remembered for extended periods.
Memory Effects
- Primacy Effect: Better recall of items presented first.
- Recency Effect: Better recall of items presented last.
- Chunking: Breaking information into smaller, manageable parts for easier recall.
Memory Interference
- Interference refers to anything that disrupts memory recall.
Types of Amnesia
- Retrograde Amnesia: Inability to remember past memories leading up to a trauma.
- Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to form new memories after a trauma.
- Infantile Amnesia: Normal forgetting of early life events.
Memory Improvement Strategies
- Drill and Practice/Repetition: Frequent review of information.
- Mnemonic Devices: Techniques to enhance memory retention through catchy phrases or acronyms.
- Constructing Links & Humor: Creating associations or humorous imagery to aid memory.
Eyewitness Testimony Insights
- Eyewitness testimony can be convincing because individuals believe their memory of the event.
- Issues exist in eyewitness accuracy, including pressure to recall, false memories, and mistaken identities.
Cognitive Concepts
- Schemas: Mental frameworks that organize information; can lead to confusion when new associations are not made (e.g., similarities between cows and horses).
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Description
Test your knowledge on Chapter 7 of Psychology, focusing on the concept of memory. This quiz covers definitions and types of memory, including episodic and semantic memory. Challenge your understanding of how we recall past experiences and learned skills.