Psychology Chapter 7 - Memory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is Memory?

The process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills learned in the past.

What are the 3 types of memory?

Episodic Memory, Semantic Memory, Implicit Memory.

What is Episodic Memory?

The memory of a specific event.

What is Semantic Memory?

<p>General knowledge that people remember.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Implicit Memory?

<p>Skills or procedures you have learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Top of the Tongue Phenomenon?

<p>You know the memory but are unable to say it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three processes of memory?

<p>Encoding, Storage, Retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Encoding?

<p>The first stage in processing information where it is translated into a form that will be retained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Storage?

<p>The second stage in processing information where it is maintained over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Retrieval?

<p>The process of recovering information from memory storage and returning it to conscious thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Visual Code?

<p>A type of code in which one forms a mental picture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Acoustic Code?

<p>A type of code in which one records the memory as a sequence of sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Semantic Code?

<p>A type of code that represents information in terms of its meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Maintenance Rehearsal?

<p>Repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Elaborate Rehearsal?

<p>Making the information meaningful by relating it to information you already know.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Organizational Systems?

<p>Memories that become stored for future use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Filing Errors?

<p>Errors that occur in our memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Context Dependent Memories?

<p>Memories that are linked to the context in which the experience occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are State Dependent Memories?

<p>Memories retrieved because of the mood during the original experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 stages of memory?

<p>Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, Long-Term Memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Sensory Memory?

<p>The immediate, initial recording of information entering through our senses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Iconic Memory?

<p>A very brief and accurate image; photographic memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Eidetic Memory?

<p>An accurate and long-lasting photographic memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Echoic Memory?

<p>Mental traces of sounds or memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Short-Term Memory (STM)?

<p>The memory known as working memory, with limited capacity and duration of about 30 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Primacy Effect?

<p>Recalling items from the beginning of a list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Recency Effect?

<p>Recalling items from the end of a list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Chunking?

<p>Breaking down information into smaller and more memorable parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Interference?

<p>Anything that will interfere with memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Long-Term Memory (LTM)?

<p>The stage of memory with a large capacity and long durations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Recognition?

<p>Involves identifying objects or events encountered before.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Recall?

<p>To bring memory or information back to mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Relearning?

<p>Learning material a second time, typically quicker than the first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Decay Theory?

<p>Memory fades over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Repression?

<p>When one pushes memories out of consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for repressed memories?

<p>Sigmund Freud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Amnesia?

<p>Forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Infantile Amnesia?

<p>Forgetting of early events in life or childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Retrograde Amnesia?

<p>Forgetting the period leading up to trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Anterograde Amnesia?

<p>Problems with recall of information after a trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 5 strategies that can be used to improve memory?

<p>Drill and Practice, Mnemonic Devices, Elaborative Rehearsal, Constructing Links, Forming Unusual/Humorous Associations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Drill and Practice?

<p>Improving memory by going over information repeatedly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Mnemonic Devices?

<p>Methods for improving memory using easily recognizable formats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is eyewitness testimony convincing?

<p>Because the person experienced the event and the jury would believe his/her memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some errors/problems with eyewitness testimony?

<p>People can force themselves to believe something, may not recall what happened, and can make false ideas based on similar facial structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Schemas?

<p>Mental representations formed by organizing bits of information into knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Memory

The process of retaining and recalling past experiences, knowledge, and skills.

Episodic Memory

Memories of specific events, like recalling a birthday party.

Semantic Memory

General knowledge and facts, like knowing the capital of France.

Implicit Memory

Skills and procedures retained over time, like riding a bike.

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Encoding

The initial processing of information, transforming it into a format that can be stored in memory.

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Storage

Maintaining information over time, keeping it stored in the brain.

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Retrieval

Retrieving information from memory so it can be used for conscious thought.

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Visual Code

Creating mental images to remember information.

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Acoustic Code

Recording memories as sequences of sounds, like a song.

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Semantic Code

Representing information based on its meaning, like using mnemonics.

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Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating information over and over; not very effective for long-term retention.

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Elaborate Rehearsal

Linking new information to existing knowledge, very effective for memory retention.

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Filing Errors

Inaccuracies in memory caused by errors in how information is filed.

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Context Dependent Memories

Remembering things based on the specific context in which the memory was formed.

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State Dependent Memories

Memories recalled more easily when in the same mood or emotional state as when they were formed.

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Sensory Memory

The initial, brief capture of sensory information, like a snapshot.

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Short-Term Memory (STM)

Limited capacity memory that lasts for approximately 30 seconds.

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Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Large capacity memory that can hold information for long periods.

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Primacy Effect

Better recall of items presented first in a list.

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Recency Effect

Better recall of items presented last in a list.

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Chunking

Breaking information into smaller, more manageable parts to improve recall.

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Interference

Anything that disrupts memory recall, like distractions.

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Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to remember past events leading up to a traumatic experience.

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Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories after a traumatic event.

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Infantile Amnesia

Normal forgetting of early life events before the age of 3 or 4.

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Drill and Practice/Repetition

Frequent review of information to improve memory retention.

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Mnemonic Devices

Techniques used to improve memory retention through catchy phrases, acronyms, or imagery.

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Constructing Links & Humor

Creating associations between new information and what you already know, or using humor to create memorable images.

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Schemas

Mental frameworks that organize information, but can also lead to biases.

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Eyewitness Testimony

Eyewitness accounts can be convincing but are often inaccurate.

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Study Notes

Memory Overview

  • Memory is the process of recollecting past experiences, information, and skills.

Types of Memory

  • Episodic Memory: Memory of specific events (e.g., recalling a dinner).
  • Semantic Memory: General knowledge (e.g., learning the alphabet).
  • Implicit Memory: Skills and procedures retained over time (e.g., riding a bike).

Memory Processes

  • Encoding: Initial processing of information, translating it for memory retention (e.g., remembering a character's death).
  • Storage: Maintaining information over time.
  • Retrieval: Recovering information from memory for conscious thought.

Memory Codes

  • Visual Code: Creating mental images.
  • Acoustic Code: Recording memories as sequences of sounds (e.g., theme songs).
  • Semantic Code: Representing information by its meaning (e.g., memory aids for planets).

Memory Retention Techniques

  • Maintenance Rehearsal: Simple repetition of information; ineffective for long-term retention.
  • Elaborate Rehearsal: Linking new information to known concepts; effective for memory retention.

Memory Errors

  • Filing Errors: Memory is subject to inaccuracies.
  • Context Dependent Memories: Recall based on the context in which the memory was formed (e.g., specific locations).
  • State Dependent Memories: Recall influenced by the mood present during the original memory.

Stages of Memory

  • Sensory Memory: Initial, brief capture of sensory information.
  • Short-Term Memory (STM): Limited capacity, lasts approximately 30 seconds.
  • Long-Term Memory (LTM): Large capacity and long duration, information remembered for extended periods.

Memory Effects

  • Primacy Effect: Better recall of items presented first.
  • Recency Effect: Better recall of items presented last.
  • Chunking: Breaking information into smaller, manageable parts for easier recall.

Memory Interference

  • Interference refers to anything that disrupts memory recall.

Types of Amnesia

  • Retrograde Amnesia: Inability to remember past memories leading up to a trauma.
  • Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to form new memories after a trauma.
  • Infantile Amnesia: Normal forgetting of early life events.

Memory Improvement Strategies

  • Drill and Practice/Repetition: Frequent review of information.
  • Mnemonic Devices: Techniques to enhance memory retention through catchy phrases or acronyms.
  • Constructing Links & Humor: Creating associations or humorous imagery to aid memory.

Eyewitness Testimony Insights

  • Eyewitness testimony can be convincing because individuals believe their memory of the event.
  • Issues exist in eyewitness accuracy, including pressure to recall, false memories, and mistaken identities.

Cognitive Concepts

  • Schemas: Mental frameworks that organize information; can lead to confusion when new associations are not made (e.g., similarities between cows and horses).

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chapter 7 of Psychology, focusing on the concept of memory. This quiz covers definitions and types of memory, including episodic and semantic memory. Challenge your understanding of how we recall past experiences and learned skills.

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