Questions and Answers
What is Classical Conditioning?
Who created Classical Conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What does Unconditional Stimulus (US) refer to?
The stimulus that evokes a natural response.
What is the Unconditional Response (UR)?
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Conditional Stimulus (CS) is a _____ that evokes a conditioned response.
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What does Conditional Response (CR) mean?
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What does 'Trials' refer to in classical conditioning?
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What is an example of Unconditional Stimulus and Response involving water spray?
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Match the terms with their definitions.
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What happens in the process of extinction?
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What is Evaluative Conditioning primarily used for?
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What example demonstrates Conditioned Fear/Anxiety?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response.
- Example from "The Office": Jim pairs a computer noise with offering Dwight a mint, leading Dwight to reach out for a mint upon hearing the noise.
Ivan Pavlov
- Developed the concept of Classical Conditioning through experiments with dogs.
- Dogs learned to associate a bell sound (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimulus), resulting in salivation (unconditioned response).
Unconditional Stimulus (US)
- A stimulus that naturally triggers a response without prior learning.
- Examples include food for Pavlov's dogs and Altoids for Dwight, both causing positive reactions.
Unconditional Response (UR)
- The automatic reaction to an unconditional stimulus.
- For Pavlov, it was dogs salivating in response to meat; for Dwight, it was instinctively reaching for the mint.
Conditional Stimulus (CS)
- A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
- Examples: the bell in Pavlov's experiment and the computer noise in "The Office."
Conditional Response (CR)
- A learned response to a conditioned stimulus, usually similar to the unconditioned response.
- Examples: dogs salivating when hearing the bell and Dwight holding out his hand for a mint.
Trials
- The repeated pairing of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli.
- Instances include Pavlov ringing the bell while presenting food and Jim giving Dwight a mint after the computer noise.
Examples of Classical Conditioning
-
Water Spray Example: A whistle followed by a spray creates a fear response; the student flinches at the whistle.
- US: Water spray
- UR: Flinching
- CS: Whistle
- CR: Flinching
-
Shower Example: The sound of a toilet flushing causes someone to jump out of the shower due to a learned association with cold water.
- US: Cold water
- UR: Jumping out
- CS: Toilet flush
- CR: Jumping out
Conditioned Fear/Anxiety
- Occurs when a neutral stimulus is associated with a traumatic experience, leading to a fear response.
Examples of Conditioned Fear/Anxiety
-
Bridge Phobia: A girl learns to fear bridges due to her father's screaming while on one.
- US: Father's scream
- UR: Fear
- CS: Bridge
- CR: Fear of bridges
-
Taco Bell Aversion: Ross develops an avoidance of Taco Bell after experiencing food poisoning there.
- US: Food poisoning
- UR: Illness
- CS: Taco Bell
- CR: Avoiding Taco Bell
Other Conditional Responses - Feelings
- Experiences can create emotional associations with stimuli, such as ice cream after winning a baseball game leading to positive feelings.
Evaluative Conditioning
- Employed mostly in advertising, involves pairing a product with a positive stimulus to create a favorable response.
- Example: George Clooney associated with a whiskey brand to evoke positive feelings toward the product.
Acquisition
- The process of learning a conditioned response through repeated associations.
- Example: Dwight learns to respond with his hand when he hears the computer noise.
Extinction
- Refers to the decrease of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
- Example: Jim aims to eliminate Dwight's desire for mints by stopping the pairing of the noise with the offer of mints.
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 6 of psychology, specifically covering the concept of classical conditioning. Learn how neutral stimuli can elicit responses through association, using engaging examples. Test your knowledge with these flashcards to strengthen your understanding of foundational psychological principles.
