Questions and Answers
What is Classic Conditioning?
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus?
A stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response.
___ is a phenomenon of learning and memory described by Ivan Pavlov.
Spontaneous Recovery
What is an Unconditioned Response?
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What does a Neutral Stimulus do?
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What is Stimulus Discrimination?
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What is a Conditioned Response?
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What is a Conditioned Stimulus?
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What is Stimulus Generalization?
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What is Higher Order Conditioning?
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What does Habituation refer to?
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What is Acquiesce in the context of conditioning?
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What does Extinction mean in classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Classic Conditioning Concepts
- Classic conditioning involves pairing two stimuli, leading to a response from the first stimulus alone after repeated associations.
- Fundamental to behavioral psychology, it demonstrates how certain responses can be learned through conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
- An unconditioned stimulus naturally triggers an unconditioned response without any prior learning.
- Example: The aroma of favorite food (US) evokes hunger (unconditioned response).
Spontaneous Recovery
- A phenomenon where a previously extinguished response re-emerges after a period of rest.
- Illustrates resilience in learned behaviors, such as a dog responding again to a command after a break.
Unconditioned Response (UR)
- An unconditioned response is a natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning.
- Example: A dog drools when it smells meat, demonstrating a reflexive behavior.
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
- A neutral stimulus initially does not elicit any specific response until it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
- Example: Jim's computer startup sound before conditioning is a neutral stimulus.
Stimulus Discrimination
- The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond differently based on prior conditioning.
- Example: Dwight reacts to a similar sound differently than Jim's startup sound, demonstrating learned behavior.
Conditioned Response (CR)
- A conditioned response is learned through the repeated pairing of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
- Example: Dwight reaching for a mint when he hears Jim's startup sound reflects a conditioned response.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
- A conditioned stimulus elicits a response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus multiple times.
- Example: Jim's computer startup sound becomes a conditioned stimulus over time.
Stimulus Generalization
- Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
- Example: Dwight reaches for a mint in response to a sound similar to the startup tone.
Higher Order Conditioning
- Involves using a previously conditioned stimulus to condition a new stimulus, expanding the range of learned responses.
- Example: Conditioning a dog to respond to a phrase like "dinner" because it's associated with the sound of the food cabinet.
Habituation
- A form of learning where an individual becomes desensitized to repeated stimuli over time.
- Example: City dwellers may ignore persistent sounds like car horns due to habituation.
Acquiesce
- The point in the conditioning process when the subject begins to respond to the conditioned stimulus with the conditioned behavior.
- Example: A dog starts to lift its paw in response to a prompt when rewarded with a treat.
Extinction
- Extinction occurs when a conditioned behavior is not reinforced, leading to its gradual diminishment.
- Example: A dog forgetting the "shake" command due to lack of practice and reinforcement.
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning, a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology. Explore key components such as unconditioned stimuli, responses, and spontaneous recovery through this engaging quiz.
