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Questions and Answers
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
- A stimulus that is only effective after repeated pairings.
- A stimulus that initially produces no specific response.
- A stimulus that is learned through association.
- A stimulus that triggers a response automatically, without prior learning. (correct)
In classical conditioning, what does the term 'acquisition' refer to?
In classical conditioning, what does the term 'acquisition' refer to?
- The weakening of a conditioned response.
- The initial stage of learning when a response is first established. (correct)
- The ability to distinguish between different stimuli.
- The reappearance of a previously extinguished response.
What is the definition of a conditioned response?
What is the definition of a conditioned response?
- The unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus.
- The initial response to a neutral stimulus.
- The response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus. (correct)
- The absence of any response to a stimulus.
What is the process of extinction in classical conditioning?
What is the process of extinction in classical conditioning?
What does spontaneous recovery refer to in classical conditioning?
What does spontaneous recovery refer to in classical conditioning?
What is the main idea behind stimulus generalization?
What is the main idea behind stimulus generalization?
What is the purpose of discrimination in classical conditioning?
What is the purpose of discrimination in classical conditioning?
How can phobias be developed according to classical conditioning principles?
How can phobias be developed according to classical conditioning principles?
Flashcards
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Unconditioned Response (UR)
A naturally occurring response to a stimulus, without any prior learning. Example: Salivating when you see food.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus that triggers a response naturally, without prior learning. Example: Food causing salivation.
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
A stimulus that initially doesn't cause a specific response. For example, a bell before it's paired with food.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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Conditioned Response (CR)
Conditioned Response (CR)
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Acquisition
Acquisition
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Extinction
Extinction
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Spontaneous Recovery
Spontaneous Recovery
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning: Key Concepts and Applications
- Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A naturally occurring stimulus that triggers a response without prior learning. For example, food causing salivation
- Unconditioned Response (UR): The automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus. For instance, salivation to food.
- Neutral Stimulus (NS): A stimulus that initially does not elicit a specific response. Before conditioning, a tone or bell would be considered a NS
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus, elicits a response. The tone or bell, after conditioning, becomes a CS
- Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the conditioned stimulus. Salivating in response to the bell alone is the CR
Classical Conditioning Processes
- Acquisition: The initial learning stage where a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings with the unconditioned stimulus.
- Extinction: The weakening of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus. The association eventually weakens.
- Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest. The association isn't erased, only suppressed.
- Generalization: Responding similarly to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. A dog conditioned to the bell might also salivate to a similar tone for example.
- Discrimination: Learning to differentiate between the conditioned stimulus and other similar stimuli that do NOT signal the unconditioned stimulus. Learning to distinguish between associated and non-associated stimuli.
Classical Conditioning Applications
- Phobias: Fearful responses can develop through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a frightening experience.
- Taste Aversions: Dislike for certain foods can emerge after a sickness experience following eating that food.
- Advertising: Companies can associate their products with positive stimuli for consumer preferences.
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