Psychology Learning Concepts
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Psychology Learning Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is learning?

A process that results in a relatively consistent change in behaviour or behaviour potential based on experience.

What is an example of habituation?

  • Suddenly reacting to a loud noise
  • An animal being consistently fed at a certain time (correct)
  • Feeling scared after watching a horror movie
  • Getting used to the clothes you are wearing (correct)
  • All changes in behaviour are the result of learning.

    False

    Who founded the school of thought known as behaviourism?

    <p>John Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does classical conditioning involve?

    <p>A neutral stimulus predicting another stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

    <p>Any stimulus that naturally elicits a behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Conditioned Response (CR)?

    <p>The behaviour elicited by the Conditioned Stimulus (CS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acquisition is the process by which the CR is first elicited and gradually increases in frequency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weakening of a CR because of the absence of CS and UCS is called _____ .

    <p>extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning

    • Learning is a process that results in a relatively consistent change in behaviour or behaviour potential based on experience. This includes taking information, evaluating it, using it, and then making a response to the environment.
    • The difference between what has been learned and what is expressed (performed) overtly is called the learning-performance distinction.
    • Habituation is a basic form of learning where a stimulus no longer produces an action because it does not require attention due to repeated action.
    • Learning may occur but might not always be displayed in behaviour, and it is important to distinguish between what has been learned and what is expressed.
    • Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning where one stimulus predicts the occurrence of another through learned associations.
    • Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, observed learned associations during his research on digestion and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his work.

    Key Features of Learning

    • Not all changes in behaviour are the result of learning. Only relatively permanent changes that are consistent over different occasions constitute learning.
    • Change in behaviour is not always immediately obvious. Learning requires experience and reference points, which can be acquired over time.
    • Not all learning is intentionally produced. Learning can occur unconsciously.
    • Not all things we learn actually change our behaviour or results of our learning. We may acquire knowledge without changing our actions or showing measurable consequences.

    Classical Conditioning

    • Classical conditioning is a form of learning that involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a biologically significant stimulus, allowing the neutral stimulus to elicit a response.
    • Reflex is a simple, unlearned response to a stimulus.
    • Stimulus is an environmental condition that elicits a response.

    Condition Terms

    • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): A stimulus that naturally elicits a behavior.
    • Unconditioned Response (UCR): The behavior elicited by the UCS.
    • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a behavior after association with the UCS.
    • Conditioned Response (CR): The behavior elicited by the CS.

    Features of Classical Conditioning

    • Acquisition: The process of learning an association between the CS and UCS, leading to the gradual development of the CR over repeated trials.
    • Extinction: The weakening of the CR through the absence of pairing the CS and the UCS.

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    Related Documents

    Psychology Chapter 7 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts related to learning, including habituation, classical conditioning, and the learning-performance distinction. Explore the theories introduced by Ivan Pavlov and understand how behavior can change based on experience. Test your knowledge of these essential topics in psychology.

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