Psychology Chapter 5: Memory Modal Model
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Questions and Answers

What are the processes involved in memory?

  • Retaining, retrieving, and using information (correct)
  • Forgetting information
  • Storing only
  • Only remembering events

    • What does the 'modal model of memory' describe?

    An integrated system for processing information that includes input, sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory.

    What is sensory memory?

    The first stage of the modal model of memory where detected information by the senses enters.

    What is iconic memory?

    <p>Visual stimuli that decays rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is echoic memory?

    <p>Aural stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is haptic memory?

    <p>Tactile stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is short term memory?

    <p>The second stage of the modal model of memory that holds attended information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does digit span refer to?

    <p>How many digits a person can remember.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the digit capacity of short term memory?

    <p>About 7 plus/minus 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chunking?

    <p>Combining small units into larger, meaningful ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are expertise effects in memory?

    <p>The phenomenon where experts perform better on known information but may lose advantage with random information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coding in memory?

    <p>The way in which information is represented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is auditory coding?

    <p>How information is represented in short term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visual coding?

    <p>How information is represented in short term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is semantic coding?

    <p>How information is represented in short term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does physiological coding refer to?

    <p>How stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mental coding?

    <p>How stimuli or experiences are represented in the mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proactive interference?

    <p>When previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is long term memory?

    <p>The third stage of the modal model of memory where rehearsed information from short term memory is stored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are control processes in memory?

    <p>Active processes that can be controlled by the person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is persistence of vision?

    <p>The retention of the perception of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Memory

    • Involves processes for retaining, retrieving, and utilizing information from stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills.
    • Functions persist even after the original information is absent.
    • Developed by Atkinson and Schiffrin, based on a computer model for human cognition.
    • Describes memory as an integrated system that processes and represents information.
    • Memory consists of interconnected components, not isolated functions.
    • Features limitations in space, resources, and time.
    • Stages of memory flow: input ➔ sensory memory ➔ short-term memory (STM) ➔ long-term memory (LTM).

    Sensory Memory

    • The initial stage of the modal model.
    • Holds brief impressions of sensory information, decadently short-lived.
    • Registers extensive information almost instantaneously that fills in gaps but decays quickly.

    Iconic Memory

    • Specific to visual stimuli.
    • Characterized by rapid decay of visual information.

    Echoic Memory

    • Involves auditory stimuli.
    • Helps in retaining sounds for a brief period after the stimulus is perceived.

    Haptic Memory

    • Concerns tactile stimuli.
    • Represents the memory of touch sensations.

    Short-Term Memory (STM)

    • The second stage of the modal model.
    • Houses attended information from sensory memory for a limited time, typically 15-20 seconds.
    • Stores small amounts of new and retrieved information from long-term memory.

    Digit Span

    • A measure of how many digits an individual can remember in a sequence.

    STM Capacity

    • Typically around 7 plus or minus 2 items, indicating a limited storage capacity.

    Chunking

    • The process of grouping small units of information into larger, meaningful units.
    • Can be trained to enhance memory and recall.

    Expertise Effects

    • Illustrated by chess studies showing masters excel at recalling known positions but lose advantages with random setups.

    Coding

    • Refers to how information is represented in memory.
    • Can involve auditory, visual, or semantic coding forms.

    Auditory Coding

    • Specific to short-term memory, relying on verbal information processing.

    Visual Coding

    • Also occurs in short-term memory, dealing with images and visual representations.

    Semantic Coding

    • Involves processing information based on its meaning in short-term memory.

    Physiological Coding

    • Representation of stimuli through neural firing patterns.

    Mental Coding

    • How experiences or stimuli are represented cognitively in the mind.

    Proactive Interference

    • Occurs when previously learned information disrupts the acquisition of new information, hindering learning.

    Long-Term Memory (LTM)

    • The third stage of the modal model.
    • Information rehearsed in STM may transition to LTM; unrehearsed information faces loss through decay or displacement.

    Control Processes

    • Active, intentional strategies used to enhance memory retention, such as rehearsal or focused attention.

    Persistence of Vision

    • The phenomenon of retaining visual perception post-stimulus, evidenced by lingering effects like a sparkler's trail.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the modal model of memory as outlined in Chapter 5 of psychology. It covers key concepts such as memory processes and the Atkinson and Schiffrin model, highlighting the importance of information retention and retrieval. Test your understanding of these foundational theories in cognitive psychology.

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