Psychology Chapter 4 Quiz

Filipino Personality and Social Work

• This course provides a fundamental understanding of Filipino culture, personality, and values impacting Filipino personality.
• It covers common traits/attributes, focusing on social relationships, goals, values, and reciprocity.
• The course explores the relevance of Western methods and indigenous Philippine psychology in social work.

Course Description

• The course aims to provide students with a fundamental understanding of Filipino culture, personality, and values.
• It covers common traits or attributes associated with Filipinos, highlighting social relationships, goals, values, and reciprocity.
• Western methods and indigenous Philippine psychology with an emphasis on social work and the Filipino personality, are of relevance.

Course Outcomes

• Students will be able to explain the diverse Filipino and Western personality theories used in social work practice.
• The course will cover the application of these theories in understanding Social Work client demographics.
• Students will be skilled in formulating case assessments using various Filipino and Western personality theories.

Filipino Personality and Social Work (20%)

• The presentation discusses the expression of social work values and philosophy in a person's life.
• The interrelationships of factors in human development are discussed from biographical and psychophysiological frameworks.
• Different personality theories including behavioral, social learning, humanistic, existential, cognitive, moral, and Gilligan's feminist theories, are explained.
• The concepts of kapwa, loob, and core Filipino values are outlined to understand Filipino behavior and culture in relation to social transformation and social work practice.
• The application of Filipino personality theories with other people is described.
• Students will apply knowledge of human behavior and social environment in their personal and professional growth as social workers.
• Distinguish various personality theories and their influence on personality development.
• How knowledge of human behavior and social environment contributes to an understanding of Filipino culture and behavior.

Human Behavior and Social Environment

• This domain focuses on the knowledge of the individual as a bio-psycho-social being, and the interplay between the individual and the social, cultural, political, and economic forces in the environment.
• Areas of focus include individual, family, community, and organizational behaviors in various Philippine contexts.
• Analysis of family dynamics, societal pressures, and impacts in local, national, regional, and global contexts are discussed.
• The role of oppression, discrimination, gender, race, ethnicity, and identity are included.
• Social processes and structures are considered within Filipino cultures.

Multidimensional Approach

• Human behavior is viewed as a dynamic, affected by a variety of internal and external forces.
• The interaction of individuals with their environment, and time, shapes both the person and the environment.
• Key dimensions of this approach include the person (biological, psychological, social, spiritual), the environment (family, social structure), and time (constants, trends).

Multidimensional Approach (Including Time)

• Concepts related to time, including:
  • Constants - Changes that move in one direction, such as age.
  • Trends - Changes in a general direction but not constant (e.g., increasing number of women in peace-building).
  • Cycles - Repetitive changes (e.g., school semesters).
  • Shifts - Sudden changes (e.g., illness, war).
  • Time orientation - The cultural perspective on time (e.g., past, present, future).

John Locke (1632-1704)

• Epistemology is the branch of philosophy dealing with knowledge acquisition and its validity.
• Locke argued that knowledge comes from sensory experience, although sensory experience isn't infallible.
• The mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate), filled with ideas gained through the five senses.

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

• Darwin's theory explains evolution through natural selection.
• Key components of his theory included:
  • Variation occurring randomly among members of a species.
  • Inherited traits from parents to offspring.
  • The struggle for existence allowing survival of individuals with favorable traits.

Human Development & Child Development

• Growth refers to increases in size (height, weight).
• Development refers to gaining skills impacting all aspects of a child's life.
• Four areas for child development (physical, social/emotional, intellectual, communication/speech) are discussed.
• The text outlines three general principles of child development (head-to-toe progression, ordered sequence but variable rates, interconnected development).
• The presentation features factors affecting growth and development, including finance, cultural background, social class, family background, environment, health status, genetics, and gender.

Social Functioning

• Social functioning, according to Werner Boehm (1958), encompasses how individuals function in society both individually and within groups based on relationships with the environment.
• The social profession, according to William Schwartz (1961), involves mediating the exchange between the individual and society.
• The text presents how William Gordon (1969) describes person-in-his-life situation complex and Harriet Bartlett (1970) defines social functioning as the relationship between the coping activity of people and the demand from the environment.
• Louise C. Johnson (1989) emphasizes social workers' role in supporting individuals encountering relationship difficulties and helping them meet environmental demands.
• The various functions of social environments, including the nurturing and sustaining environments, are presented.
• A social worker's role, in the light of social functioning, is explained in terms of definitions, interactions, skills, roles, expectations, the ability to meet demands, and problems.

Social Environment

• Social environment is seen as a network of overlapping social systems and situations (ecological systems) including contexts like cultures and institutions.
• It's a dynamic interplay influencing behavior, distinct from simply cause-and-effect.

Social Environment Concepts

• Transaction: refers to communication and interaction
• Energy: represents the natural power
• Interface : shows the precise point of contact in interaction
• Adaptation : reflects the capability to adjust
• Coping : emphasizes effort in overcoming difficulties
• Interdependence: highlights mutual reliance
• Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem describe different levels of environment impacting the individual.

Person-in-Environment (PIE)

• A multidimensional approach emphasizing the interactions and interplay between a person and their environment which includes elements that are both external and internal, such as a person's attitudes/thoughts/values and cultural context(s).
• An understanding of the person's environment includes concepts such as primary groups, secondary groups, socio-cultural contexts, and historical age.
• Functions of social environments are divided into how they nourish(immediate) and nurture(broad).

Role Theory

• The course details how Social Work focuses on social functioning results from person-situation interaction.
• Key concepts are Status, Norms, Role Sets/ Role Clusters, Role Complementation, Role Conflict, and Role Incongruity.
• The definition of roles considers perspectives of role expectations from the outside, the person involved, and the actual behavior exhibited.
• Different overlapping elements impacting roles such as Recruitment, Socialization, Interaction, Innovation, and Social Control are described.

Ecological Systems Perspective

• Based on Bertalanffy’s and Bronfenbrenner’s ideas on environmental factors and interactions with them.
• Considers individuals and systems in a holistic fashion including the relationships and interactions between them.
• Understanding the behavior of the participants is important to assess the effect of different parameters like time, energy, structure, adaptations, and interdependence.

Types of Social Systems

• Change agent systems represent organizations/services providing support.
• Client systems include persons/groups requiring assistance.
• Target systems contain the focus of change efforts.
• Action system describes the interactive process between the worker and those being served.
• The professional system includes organizations such as NASWI, and PASWI.
• Problem identification system is a process of identifying and referring people needing help.

What is Personality?

• Personality is the impression an individual makes on others (social skills, charisma).
• Personality includes unique, relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

What is Human Behavior?

• It's the potential and expressed activity (physical, mental, social) during an individual's life span which contains some element of potential and expression.

Theories of Personality

• The theories are categorized by Heredity, Physical characteristics, Social experiences.

Filipino Psychology

• Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a psychology examining the experiences, thoughts, and orientations of Filipinos using their language and culture.

Core Filipino Values

• Values for Filipinos emphasizing interpersonal relationships and concepts of shared identity.

Important Concepts

• This section provides key concepts, including Hiya (shame), Utang na loob (debt of gratitude), Pakikisama (smooth interpersonal relations), Bahala na (leaving it to God), etc The concepts are presented within the contextual frameworks of Filipino culture and psychology.

Key Concepts and Values of Sikolohiyang Pilipino

• Kapwa (shared inner self): The core concept with two categories; Ibang Tao (outsider) with five levels including "Pakikitungo", "Pakikisalamuha", and "Pakikilahok"; and Hindi Ibang Tao (one of us) with three interaction levels including "Pakikipagpalagayang-loob," "Pakikisangkot," and "Pakikipagkaisa".

Psychoanalytic Paradigm

• Human beings are biological organisms motivated by the satisfaction of bodily needs.
• Human behavior is viewed in terms of dynamic interactions of personality forces, drives, conflicts, defense mechanisms, and motivations.
• Mental life's three levels (conscious, preconscious, unconscious) are explored.
• Personality structure components (id, ego, superego).
• Freud's psychosexual stages of development are detailed including the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages.

Analytical Psychology (Carl Jung)

• The prominent feature of Jung's view of humanity is teleology (goal-oriented behavior influenced by future aspirations) combined with causality (past experiences shaping behavior), including concepts like:
• The concept of Mandala is discussed in the context of exploring self.
• Components of psyche including Ego, Personal Unconscious, Collective Unconscious, Persona, Archetypes, and the Shadow.
• Two orientations (attitudes) – Introversion and Extroversion, are discussed which pertain to how the psyche relates to the world.
• Jung’s perspective explores functions of thoughts (Sensing, Thinking, Feeling, Intuiting).

Stages of Development

• Stages of early childhood, including the development of libidinal, and psychosocial energy, are explained.
• Stages of young adulthood, middle age, and maturity/old age are analyzed regarding psychological functioning, and important elements/components such as ego identity and integrity.

Social Psychological Theory

• Based on the idea that human beings are not genetically driven to be aggressive, rather the desire to destroy emerges only in instances when life is thwarted.
• Five character types, and their motivations/needs are described:

Interpersonal Theory

• Based on the premise that people are socially created animals.
• Stages of development, including infancy and childhood, are presented. Developmental stages like the juvenile stage and pre-adolescence are detailed including the societal, interpersonal, and psychological elements.

Person-Centered Theory (Carl Rogers)

• Rogers believed that the ultimate goal for each person is to become a fully functioning person.
• Key concepts of actualizing tendency, need for positive regard (conditional and unconditional), and the distinction between real and ideal self, are discussed.
• The characteristics of a fully functioning person are detailed including open to experience, trust feelings, existential living, creativity, and fulfilled life.

Humanistic Psychology

• This perspective advocates a holistic and analytic approach emphasizing the total individual person.
• Focuses on motivating growth and self-actualization.
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs is presented, including physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

Deprivation of Needs

• The negative outcomes when fundamental needs are unmet are presented.

Stages of Moral Development

• Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is presented with specific stages including Preconventional (obedience and punishment, instrumental), Conventional (interpersonal accord and conformity; authority and social-order), and Postconventional (social contract; universal ethical principles). Stages are detailed concerning moral reasoning/thinking.

Cognitive and Moral Paradigm

• Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, and Piaget's theory of cognitive development, are presented.
• The processes of schemata (organizing incoming knowledge), assimilation (combining new knowledge with existing schemas), and accommodation (changing pre-existing schemata) are explored.
• Stages of cognitive development are presented including: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
• An example of the Heinz Dilemma and how different stages of moral development are explored in this example is included.
• Gilligan's Stages of the Ethic of Care are presented highlighting developmental differences in morality in women. A table summarizing these stages is included.

Other

• Open, hidden, blind, and unknown self is presented
• Concepts from the field of Personology including the CPC Cycle and its three phases, as well as eleven corollaries are discussed.
• Concepts presented from the field of Biological Typology are discussed.

Test your knowledge on key concepts from psychology, including personality structures, anxiety types, and the interplay of instincts and impulses. This quiz covers essential theories such as Darwin's evolution and systems theory, providing a comprehensive review of foundational psychological ideas.