Questions and Answers
What is the misinformation effect?
Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of the event after witnessing it.
What does reactance refer to?
A motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom.
Which one of the following is an indicator that can suggest accuracy in lineup identification?
Research suggests that jurors in the minority will be most persuasive when they _____
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Death-qualified jurors are _____
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Researchers have found that eyewitnesses' accuracy can improve when _____
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In researching over 1,700 defendants in Texas misdemeanor cases, judges set greater fines for _____ less attractive defendants.
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The process of witnessing an event and receiving misleading information is referred to as the _____ effect.
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What advice should the prosecutor accept regarding the eyewitness's testimony?
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A confident witness is necessarily an accurate witness.
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The majority of convicted individuals later exonerated were victims of mistaken eyewitnesses.
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What happens when a judge rules evidence inadmissible?
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Wells and his colleagues found that jurors find _____ eyewitnesses to be the most believable.
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What did Loftus find about discredited eyewitnesses in a hypothetical case?
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What is meant by the 'two-thirds-majority' scheme?
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Which of the following factors is NOT likely to lead to a lighter sentence?
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Which of the following can result in an eyewitness gaining confidence?
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What is recommended for increasing eyewitness accuracy and lineups?
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Death-qualified jurors are more concerned with crime control and less concerned with due process of law.
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Research indicates that eyewitnesses who remember trivial details of a crime scene _____
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Study Notes
Misinformation Effect
- Incorpore misinformation into the memory of an event, affecting recall accuracy after receiving misleading information.
Reactance
- A psychological response aimed at protecting one's sense of freedom, triggered when someone feels their freedom of action is threatened.
Lineup Identification
- Quick identification in a lineup can serve as an indicator of accuracy, suggesting that a fast decision is often more reliable.
Persuasion of Minority Jurors
- Jurors in the minority become most persuasive when they initiate defections from the majority opinion.
Death-Qualified Jurors
- These jurors have a higher likelihood of convicting defendants in criminal cases, impacting trial outcomes.
Eyewitness Accuracy Improvement
- Presenting individuals one by one rather than in groups can enhance the accuracy of eyewitness identification.
Judge's Bias in Sentencing
- Research indicates that judges tend to impose heavier fines on less attractive defendants.
Misinformation Effect Clarification
- The process where misleading information is incorporated into memory following an event is known as the misinformation effect.
Eyewitness Credibility
- Prosecutors should opt to put the eyewitness on the stand since even a potentially discredited witness can be more effective than having no eyewitness testimony.
Eyewitness Testimony Reliability
- Confident witnesses do not guarantee accuracy; a confident disposition can sometimes mislead jurors.
Mistaken Eyewitness Accounts
- Many convicted individuals later exonerated were wrongly convicted due to unreliable eyewitness testimony.
Impact of Admonitions
- Jurors struggle to ignore inadmissible evidence, often finding it challenging to disregard its influence despite judicial instructions.
Juror Believability
- Confident eyewitnesses are perceived as more believable by jurors, impacting their judgments.
Vision Discrediting Case
- Jurors in a case involving a discredited eyewitness with poor vision still leaned toward conviction, highlighting biases in decision-making.
Two-Thirds Majority Scheme
- This jury verdict system favors options supported by at least two-thirds of jurors at the beginning of deliberations.
Factors Affecting Sentencing
- A defendant's height is not generally considered a factor in leading to a lighter sentence after a conviction.
Confidence Boosting for Witnesses
- Repeated questioning can increase an eyewitness's confidence in their recollections, impacting trial outcomes.
Increasing Eyewitness Accuracy
- Verbal descriptions of suspects by eyewitnesses before presentations of lineups can improve accuracy in identifications.
Crime Control vs. Due Process
- Death-qualified jurors typically prioritize crime control over due process, influencing legal proceedings.
Eyewitness Attention and Details
- Witnesses who recall trivial details from a crime scene tend to have not focused on the perpetrator’s face, resulting in less accurate identifications.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key psychology concepts such as the misinformation effect and reactance. This quiz challenges you to understand how these theories apply to memory and decision-making processes. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of psychological principles.
