Psychology Chapter 16: Treating Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is a common argument against involuntary treatment for mental health disorders?

It always guarantees a complete recovery.

It is the only effective treatment for all patients.

It may result in feelings of coercion or resentment among patients. (correct)

It prevents any form of therapy from being administered.

What does free association encourage patients to do during therapy?

Focus only on their most recent experiences.

Follow a strict set of guidelines in dialogue.

Avoid discussing traumatic events.

Express thoughts and feelings without censorship. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the concept of transference in therapy?

Patients redirect feelings and emotions towards the therapist. (correct)

Patients use medication to transfer emotional distress.

Patients gain insight by analyzing their dreams.

Patients only discuss their feelings towards family members.

What is the primary objective of psychodynamic therapies?

To discover and resolve unconscious conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance in the context of psychological therapy?

The patient's avoidance of revealing certain thoughts or motivations. Signup and view all the answers

What type of psychologist typically works with clients experiencing common issues like stress and coping?

Counselling psychologists Signup and view all the answers

Which professionals have the ability to prescribe medications for mental health disorders?

Psychiatrists Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of community psychology?

Identifying community-level influences on mental health Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the relationship established between a therapist and a patient in therapy?

Therapeutic alliance Signup and view all the answers

What is deinstitutionalization primarily concerned with?

Reintegrating psychiatric patients into society Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes empirically supported treatments?

Treatments that have undergone scientific evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What challenges might individuals face that hinder them from seeking help for psychological disorders?

Availability of therapy and financial barriers Signup and view all the answers

Bibliotherapy often involves which of the following?

Reading self-help books and materials Signup and view all the answers

What does object relations therapy primarily focus on?

Early childhood experiences and emotional attachments Signup and view all the answers

In which therapy approach is the client seen as capable of solving their own problems?

Client-centered therapy Signup and view all the answers

What does systematic desensitization involve?

Gradual exposure to a feared stimulus coupled with relaxation training Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Cognitive reconstructing and exposure to avoided experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which technique combines mindfulness meditation with cognitive-behavioral tools?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Signup and view all the answers

In which therapeutic approach are symptoms viewed as influenced by many interacting systems?

Systems approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of aversive conditioning?

Replacing positive responses to a stimulus with negative responses Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes an individual's current feelings and thoughts?

Phenomenological approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of psychotropic drugs?

To manage or reduce symptoms of psychological conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antidepressant works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine?

Tricyclic antidepressants Signup and view all the answers

What does the blood-brain barrier do?

Controls which substances can enter the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is lithium primarily used for?

As a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes tardive dyskinesia?

Involuntary movements and facial tics Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic technique involves electrically stimulating specific regions of the brain?

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of antianxiety drugs?

To reduce neural activity through GABA Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidepressants is known to selectively block the reuptake of serotonin?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

What psychological condition involves recurring thoughts and images associated with a traumatic event?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Signup and view all the answers

What procedure involves surgically destroying small areas of brain tissue?

Focal lesions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

16.1 Treating Psychological Disorders

Clinical psychologists hold PhDs and have a one-year clinical internship. They treat a wide range of mental health issues, from mild to severe.
Counseling psychologists work with people facing common problems like stress, relationship issues, and anxiety.
Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in mental health and can prescribe medication.
Deinstitutionalization is the release of psychiatric patients from large facilities back into society.
Residential treatment centers provide housing and therapy to help patients reintegrate into society.
Community psychology emphasizes community-level factors (programs, support networks) impacting mental health.
Empirically supported treatments (evidence-based therapies) are tested and evaluated scientifically.
Therapeutic alliance describes the relationship between therapist and patient.
Bibliotherapy uses books and other reading materials for self-help.

16.2 Psychological Therapies

Insight therapies are discussions between therapist and client to gain awareness of problems.
Psychodynamic therapies focus on discovering and resolving unconscious conflicts.
Free association encourages patients to talk freely without censoring.
Dream analysis examines the symbolic meaning of dreams (manifest and latent content).
Resistance describes strategies patients use to block unconscious thoughts from awareness.
Transference is directing feelings toward the therapist instead of the original target.
Object relations therapy connects early childhood experiences with later functioning.
Client-centered/person-centered therapy emphasizes client self-solving with therapist encouragement.
Behavioral therapies target problem behaviors and environmental factors.
Systematic desensitization gradually exposes to feared stimuli while relaxing.
Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) uses graphical displays to simulate environments.
Aversive conditioning creates a negative response to a stimulus.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) uses procedures like cognitive restructuring.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy combines mindfulness with CBT.
Decentering involves stepping back to examine oneself objectively.
Systems approach sees symptoms as influenced by multiple interacting systems.

16.3 Biomedical Therapies

Psychopharmacotherapy uses drugs to manage or reduce symptoms.
Psychotropic drugs alter psychological functioning.
The blood-brain barrier protects brain cells.
Antidepressant drugs reduce depression symptoms.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) deactivate enzymes breaking down neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine).
Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block serotonin reuptake.
Mood stabilizers prevent or reduce mood swings in bipolar disorder (lithium is an example).
Antianxiety drugs affect GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Antipsychotic drugs treat psychosis (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought).
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves recurring thoughts, nightmares, and tension.
Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder caused by antipsychotics.
Atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause movement disorders.
Frontal lobotomy and leucotomy are obsolete surgical brain procedures.
Focal lesions are small areas of brain tissue surgically destroyed.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) uses electrical current to induce seizures.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses magnetic fields to stimulate areas of the brain.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrically stimulates specific brain regions.

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This quiz covers essential concepts related to the treatment of psychological disorders, including the roles of various mental health professionals and treatment methods. Key topics include clinical and counseling psychology, psychiatrists, deinstitutionalization, and more. Test your understanding of empirically supported treatments and the therapeutic alliance.