Treatment of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Which medication is commonly linked with falls and hip fractures in older adults when used to treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

  • Venlafaxine
  • Benzodiazepines (correct)
  • Paroxetine
  • Clomipramine

    • What is a distinctive feature of Panic Control Treatment (PCT) for Panic Disorder?

  • Establishing a fear hierarchy
  • Exposing patients to interoceptive sensations (correct)
  • Using images to feel anxious
  • Structured and consistent exposure-based exercises

    • Which cognitive-behavioral program helps patients establish a fear hierarchy and demonstrate breathing skills for Panic Disorder?

  • ERP
  • Calm Tools for Living (correct)
  • Cognitive Therapy Program
  • Panic Control Treatment (PCT)

    • What treatment is considered most effective for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

    <p>Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ERP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SSRI is mentioned as a treatment for both Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Paroxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder's treatment primarily involves teaching people to assign different values to objects and reducing anxiety about discarding them?

    <p>Hoarding Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach is often better for Social Anxiety Disorder if the parents also have an anxiety disorder?

    <p>Family-based treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

    <p>Overestimation of threat and control of intrusive thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological treatment involves deeply relaxing oneself to combat tension for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Using images to feel anxious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure is most often received by individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

    <p>Dermatology treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental treatment for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder involves moving bedtime gradually?

    <p>Phase delays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pharmacological treatment is used for Nightmares (or Nightmare Disorder)?

    <p>Prazosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment for Sleep Terrors involves waking the patient before the terror occurs?

    <p>Scheduled awakenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique for treating sexual dysfunction focuses on reducing performance anxiety and pressure?

    <p>Sensate focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of biofeedback in treating physical disorders?

    <p>Make patients aware of physiological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment involves focusing attention on a repeated syllable or mantra?

    <p>Transcendental meditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known as a 'Chemical Castration' drug used in treating Paraphilic Disorders?

    <p>Cyproterone Acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychosocial treatment for Paraphilic Disorders is carried out entirely in the imagination of the patient?

    <p>Covert sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment for Gender Dysphoria involves non-reversible procedures?

    <p>Sex reassignment surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment for premature ejaculation involves applying pressure to the penis to prevent ejaculation?

    <p>Squeeze technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidepressant is best known for being an SSRI?

    <p>Fluoxetine (Prozac)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal in treating Anorexia Nervosa?

    <p>Restore the patient's weight to at least within the low normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is specifically indicated for Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT used for Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Hypnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is effective during the bingeing and purging cycle in Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Fluoxetine (Prozac)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known for its side effects including toxicity and substantial weight gain?

    <p>Lithium carbonate (Lithium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antidepressant is associated with the risk of hypertensive episodes if certain foods are consumed?

    <p>Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is used to regulate circadian rhythm in Bipolar Disorder?

    <p>Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diet program focuses on carbohydrate restriction?

    <p>Atkins diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is specifically recommended for Conversion Disorder?

    <p>Addressing the traumatic or stressful life event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the 'Paradoxical intention' technique in treating insomnia?

    <p>To instruct individuals to stay awake to relieve performance anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is most suitable for Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder?

    <p>Psychological treatments similar to those for panic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a mixed reuptake inhibitor?

    <p>Venlafaxine (Effexor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sleep treatment is characterized by altering beliefs and attitudes about sleeping?

    <p>Cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to prevent suicide in individuals at risk?

    <p>No-suicide contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method involves using electric shock to produce a seizure?

    <p>Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical treatment is specifically indicated for treating insomnia?

    <p>Triazolam (Halcion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment goal for Dissociative Identity Disorder?

    <p>Neutralizing cues or triggers that provoke memories of trauma or dissociation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about tricyclic antidepressants?

    <p>They were most widely used before SSRIs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy specifically focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts and building new relationships?

    <p>Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is not recommended for maintaining abstinence from alcohol?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a medication used to help individuals withdrawing from opiates?

    <p>Clonidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the first step in treating substance-related disorders?

    <p>Helping through the withdrawal process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of effective treatment emphasizes adapting the plan to meet changing needs?

    <p>An individual's treatment plan must be continually assessed and modified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to reduce alcohol craving in abstinent individuals?

    <p>Acamprosate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach involves letting expressed gender unfold naturally in children?

    <p>Watchful waiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of therapy is critical for effective treatment for addiction?

    <p>Counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a commonly used form of nicotine replacement therapy?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about medical detoxification is correct?

    <p>It is the first stage of addiction treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly offered as a heroin substitute?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antipsychotic medications are considered atypical or second-generation?

    <p>Risperidone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of schizophrenia?

    <p>Treating hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological intervention is NOT listed as a treatment for Tourette's Disorder?

    <p>Cognitive restructuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial intervention involves teaching clients new social skills through role-playing and real-world practice?

    <p>Psychosocial interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line of treatment recommended for delirium?

    <p>Psychosocial intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of schizophrenia among the Xhosa people of South Africa, which of the following is NOT typically used?

    <p>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychosocial intervention in treating delirium?

    <p>To reassure the individual and help them deal with agitation, anxiety, and hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment sometimes used by Kisii tribal doctors involves the physical manipulation of the skull?

    <p>Skull scraping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol?

    <p>Haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological technique is used in behavioral family therapy for schizophrenia?

    <p>Classroom education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do new medications for Alzheimer's Disease aim to prevent?

    <p>Acetylcholine breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary risk associated with Insulin Coma Therapy in treating schizophrenia?

    <p>Severe illness and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture is noted for its reliance on family support in the treatment of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hispanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What multidisciplinary program aims to provide broad-ranging treatment for schizophrenia?

    <p>Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do clinicians aim to reattach through psychosocial interventions?

    <p>Social skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of therapy for Paranoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Providing an atmosphere conducive to developing a sense of trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic technique is NOT typically used for Schizoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Antipsychotic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication might be used to treat Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

    <p>Haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common reason therapists are pessimistic about treating Antisocial Personality Disorder in adults?

    <p>Adults can be manipulative even with their therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comprehensive treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder often emphasizes:

    <p>Symptomatic treatment with drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioral intervention techniques for Avoidant Personality Disorder may include:

    <p>Systematic desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in treating patients with Dependent Personality Disorder?

    <p>Their submissiveness negating therapy's main goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying issue is often addressed in therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?

    <p>Fears that underlie the need for orderliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common focus of therapy for Histrionic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Addressing problematic interpersonal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of taking Disulfiram (Antabuse) for alcohol dependency?

    <p>Feelings of illness induced by acetaldehyde buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of cognitive therapy for Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Replace fantasies with achievable day-to-day experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary tool used in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to help treat alcoholism?

    <p>Twelve Steps program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies focuses on improving beliefs about positive outcomes from behavioral changes?

    <p>Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of inpatient facilities for substance abuse treatment?

    <p>Provide both initial withdrawal support and community reintegration therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misperception might a client have concerning cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in addressing substance use disorders?

    <p>It does not address reactions to substance use cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial treatment involves acknowledging alcohol addiction and its destructive effects?

    <p>Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method combines with saliva to produce a bad taste, serving as an aversive method?

    <p>Silver nitrate in lozenges or gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the twelve steps involves making amends to those harmed, except where it would cause injury?

    <p>Step 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments focuses on working with a clinician to select behaviors and reinforcers?

    <p>Contingency Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy method is specifically designed to address multiple facets of a person’s drug problem and life aspects that might contribute to substance use?

    <p>Community Reinforcement Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT typically used as a stimulant in treating ADHD?

    <p>Atomoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching strategy involves arranging the environment to foster child interest?

    <p>Naturalistic teaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of treating Intellectual Disability in individuals with severe disabilities?

    <p>Augmentative communication strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions is typically NOT used for treating Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder?

    <p>Incidental teaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for ADHD in adults, what is NOT a primary focus?

    <p>Improving social skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically part of specific learning disorder interventions?

    <p>Using naturalistic teaching strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Autism Spectrum Disorder, which treatment is least likely to be effective for everyone?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used in behavioral intervention for Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder to improve speech?

    <p>Regulated-breathing method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological treatment is NOT used for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Ritalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders might require self-monitoring as part of the intervention?

    <p>Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder: Treatment involves reassurance, education, and reducing help-seeking behaviors. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medications (SSRIs, such as paroxetine) are also effective.

    Treatment of Dissociative Disorders

    • Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: Psychological treatments similar to those for panic disorder are helpful, and addressing stressors associated with the disorder's onset is essential.
    • Dissociative Fugue: Treatment involves recalling events during the amnesic or fugue state, often with the help of friends and family, and using hypnosis or benzodiazepines to aid in memory recovery.
    • Dissociative Identity Disorder: Treatment involves identifying and neutralizing cues that trigger memories of trauma, confronting and reliving the trauma, and using hypnosis to access unconscious memories.

    Treatment of Mood Disorders

    • Depression: Antidepressant medications, including SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine), mixed reuptake inhibitors (e.g., venlafaxine), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine), are effective treatments.
    • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A controversial treatment for treatment-resistant depression, involving the administration of electric shock to the brain to produce a seizure.

    Treatment of Eating Disorders

    • Bulimia Nervosa: Fluoxetine (Prozac) is an effective medication, and cognitive-behavioral treatments (e.g., CBT-E) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are also helpful.
    • Binge-Eating Disorder: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are effective treatments.
    • Anorexia Nervosa: The primary goal is to restore the patient's weight, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a helpful treatment approach.

    Treatment of Sleep-Wake Disorders

    • Insomnia: Medical treatments include benzodiazepines (e.g., triazolam) and non-benzodiazepines (e.g., zaleplon), and psychological treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation techniques.

    Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Benzodiazepines and antidepressant medications (SSRIs) are effective treatments, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation techniques are also helpful.
    • Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Gradual exposure exercises and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective treatments, and medications such as antidepressants and benzodiazepines can be used in conjunction with therapy.
    • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and exposure and response prevention (ERP) are effective treatments, and medications such as antidepressants and anxiolytics can be used in conjunction with therapy.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a highly effective treatment, and medications such as clomipramine (Anafranil) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are also effective.

    Treatment of Personality Disorders

    • Borderline Personality Disorder: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective treatments, and medications such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers can be used in conjunction with therapy.
    • Principles of Effective Treatment: No single treatment is right for everyone, and treatment should be readily available, address multiple needs, and be continually assessed and modified.
    • Medical Treatments: Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and nicotine replacement therapy can be effective in treating substance use disorders.

    Treatment of Gender Dysphoria

    • Treatment of Gender Dysphoria: Psychological evaluation and education, hormone therapy, and sex reassignment surgery are effective treatments for gender dysphoria.### Recovery Programs
    • AA (Alcoholics Anonymous) is a program of recovery from alcoholism only
    • AA's 12 Steps: tried to carry the message to alcoholics and practice principles in all affairs

    Alternative Recovery Programs

    • Cocaine Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous
    • Rational Recovery
    • Moderation Management
    • Women for Sobriety
    • SMART Recovery
    • Component Treatment
    • Contingency Management: clinician and client select behaviors to change and reinforcers to reward goals
    • Community Reinforcement Approach: addresses multiple aspects of drug problem to help identify and correct contributing factors

    Treatment of Schizophrenia

    • In Kenya, traditional healers use unique methods to treat hallucinations
    • Biological Interventions:
      • Insulin Coma Therapy: abandoned due to high risk of illness and death
      • Psychosurgery: not effective
      • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
      • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: treats hallucinations using magnetic fields
      • Antipsychotic Medications:
        • Neuroleptics: dopamine antagonists, first-generation (e.g., Haldol, Thorazine) and second-generation (e.g., Risperidone, Olanzapine)
    • Psychosocial Interventions:
      • Clinicians teach social skills, divide complex skills into parts, and practice role-playing
      • Programs teach adapting to disorder and living in the community
      • Virtual assessments and treatments provide controlled environments
      • Behavioral family therapy: educates family about schizophrenia, relieves guilt, and improves communication skills
      • Vocational Rehabilitation: supportive employment with coaches for job training
      • Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Program: multidisciplinary team provides broad treatment

    Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):
      • Psychosocial Interventions: improve academic performance, decrease disruptive behavior, and teach social skills
      • Reinforcement programs: reward improvements, punish misbehavior

    Treatment of Personality Disorders

    • Cluster A Personality Disorders:
      • Paranoid Personality Disorder: unlikely to seek help, therapy focuses on trust and cognitive therapy
      • Schizoid Personality Disorder: rare to seek treatment, therapy focuses on social relationships and empathy
      • Schizotypal Personality Disorder: treatment includes medical and psychological treatments for depression, social skills training, and antipsychotic medication
    • Cluster B Personality Disorders:
      • Antisocial Personality Disorder: rare to identify as needing treatment, therapy focuses on incarceration and identifying high-risk children
      • Borderline Personality Disorder: symptomatic treatment using drugs, therapy focuses on distress and seeking treatment
    • Cluster C Personality Disorders:
      • Avoidant Personality Disorder: behavioral intervention techniques for anxiety and social skills problems
      • Dependent Personality Disorder: therapy focuses on independence and decision-making
      • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: therapy attacks underlying fears

    Other Personality Disorder Treatments

    • Mood stabilizers
    • Anticonvulsive and antipsychotic drugs
    • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

    Treatment of Neurocognitive Disorders

    • Tourette's Disorder: psychological intervention, self-monitoring, relaxation training, and habit reversal
    • Delirium: haloperidol or antipsychotic medication, psychosocial intervention to reassure and maintain control
    • Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer's Disease: management involves lists, maps, and notes to maintain orientation, new medications prevent acetylcholine breakdown and delay decline

    Helpful Strategies for Managing Behavioral Challenges

    • Teaching Families to Respond Constructively: encourage parents to respond constructively and structure the child's day
    • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): reduces distractibility and improves organizational skills, helpful for ADHD in adults
    • Biological Interventions: stimulants (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall), non-stimulant medications (e.g., Atomoxetine, Guanfacine), and specific learning disorder interventions
    • Direct Instruction: systematic instruction in small groups, mastery teaching
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder: psychosocial treatments focus on skill building, communication, and socialization, biological treatments include major tranquilizers and SSRIs

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    Description

    Learn about the treatment approaches for Somatic Symptom Disorder, Illness Anxiety Disorder, Conversion Disorder, and other related disorders, including cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication.

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