Psychology 348: Psychological Interventions
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of health according to WHO?

A complete state of well-being that includes physical, mental, and social well-being.

Which factors influence the health of an individual, group, and community? (Select all that apply)

  • Protective factors (correct)
  • Risk factors (correct)
  • Genetic factors
  • Environmental factors (correct)
  • A holistic view of health only focuses on physical health.

    False

    What are the prerequisites to support the well-being of a population?

    <p>Basic physiological needs, physical resources, social resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social factors create inequalities in well-being? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gini coefficient of South Africa as of 2015?

    <p>0.63</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unemployment rate in South Africa in 2023 is below 30%.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Poverty is the most salient social factor to cause ___

    <p>ill-health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issues does community psychology aim to address?

    <p>Conditions of oppression and inequality that cause ill-health and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ecological perspective serve as in community psychology?

    <p>A conceptual framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was community psychology developed?

    <p>In the 1960s and 1970s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychological Interventions - An Introduction

    • Health, as defined by WHO in 1948, encompasses complete physical, mental, and social well-being, prioritizing holistic views over mere absence of illness.
    • Goals of health include disease prevention and promotion of well-being through addressing risk and protective factors at individual, group, and community levels.
    • Well-being involves personal, relational, and collective dimensions, requiring satisfaction of both objective and subjective needs for individuals and communities.

    How Psychologists Contribute to Well-Being

    • Psychological interventions target affected groups to enhance functioning and overall well-being through collaborative action.

    Community Psychology

    • Focuses on challenging oppression and inequality contributing to poor health outcomes, reinforced by ecological principles and holistic values.
    • Aims to address threats to health and well-being through community engagement.

    Health and Well-Being in a Social Context

    • Variations in social circumstances significantly influence health and well-being, necessitating an ecological perspective on individuals within their contexts.
    • Essential prerequisites for population well-being include basic physiological needs, physical resources like housing and sanitation, and social resources such as education and income.

    Social Factors Impacting Well-Being

    • Disparities in access to resources due to income, education, social class, gender, and ethnicity create inequality in health outcomes, with poverty being a critical factor.
    • South Africa's Gini coefficient reached 0.63 in 2015, reflecting extreme income inequality, and an unemployment rate strikingly high at 32.9% in 2023.

    Challenges Facing South Africa

    • Key challenges include high unemployment, significant disease burden, societal divisions, ineffective public services, entrenched poverty, resource mismanagement, infrastructure decay, and corruption.

    Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

    • The pandemic resulted in over 4 million infections and nearly 102,000 deaths, revealing and worsening existing health disparities.
    • Vulnerable communities faced increased challenges, including limited access to essential resources like clean water, food security, and safe living conditions, leading to heightened rates of gender-based violence.

    Considerations for Psychological Interventions

    • Effective psychological interventions must recognize the diverse dimensions of well-being, consider multiple risk factors, and adopt an ecological approach to reflect contextual realities.

    Introduction to Community Psychology

    • Community psychology emerged in the 1960s and 1970s in the USA in response to traditional psychology's inadequacies in addressing socio-psychological issues.
    • Emphasizes the intersection of individual, group, and social dynamics to tackle societal problems via community-focused interventions modeled on ecological perspectives.

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts in Psychology 348 focusing on psychological interventions and the holistic view of health. Understand the implications of well-being, disease prevention, and health promotion. This quiz not only covers theoretical aspects but also practical implications for mental and social health.

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