Questions and Answers
What is the definition of health according to WHO?
A complete state of well-being that includes physical, mental, and social well-being.
Which factors influence the health of an individual, group, and community? (Select all that apply)
A holistic view of health only focuses on physical health.
False
What are the prerequisites to support the well-being of a population?
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Which social factors create inequalities in well-being? (Select all that apply)
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What is the Gini coefficient of South Africa as of 2015?
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The unemployment rate in South Africa in 2023 is below 30%.
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Poverty is the most salient social factor to cause ___
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What issues does community psychology aim to address?
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What does the ecological perspective serve as in community psychology?
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When was community psychology developed?
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Study Notes
Psychological Interventions - An Introduction
- Health, as defined by WHO in 1948, encompasses complete physical, mental, and social well-being, prioritizing holistic views over mere absence of illness.
- Goals of health include disease prevention and promotion of well-being through addressing risk and protective factors at individual, group, and community levels.
- Well-being involves personal, relational, and collective dimensions, requiring satisfaction of both objective and subjective needs for individuals and communities.
How Psychologists Contribute to Well-Being
- Psychological interventions target affected groups to enhance functioning and overall well-being through collaborative action.
Community Psychology
- Focuses on challenging oppression and inequality contributing to poor health outcomes, reinforced by ecological principles and holistic values.
- Aims to address threats to health and well-being through community engagement.
Health and Well-Being in a Social Context
- Variations in social circumstances significantly influence health and well-being, necessitating an ecological perspective on individuals within their contexts.
- Essential prerequisites for population well-being include basic physiological needs, physical resources like housing and sanitation, and social resources such as education and income.
Social Factors Impacting Well-Being
- Disparities in access to resources due to income, education, social class, gender, and ethnicity create inequality in health outcomes, with poverty being a critical factor.
- South Africa's Gini coefficient reached 0.63 in 2015, reflecting extreme income inequality, and an unemployment rate strikingly high at 32.9% in 2023.
Challenges Facing South Africa
- Key challenges include high unemployment, significant disease burden, societal divisions, ineffective public services, entrenched poverty, resource mismanagement, infrastructure decay, and corruption.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
- The pandemic resulted in over 4 million infections and nearly 102,000 deaths, revealing and worsening existing health disparities.
- Vulnerable communities faced increased challenges, including limited access to essential resources like clean water, food security, and safe living conditions, leading to heightened rates of gender-based violence.
Considerations for Psychological Interventions
- Effective psychological interventions must recognize the diverse dimensions of well-being, consider multiple risk factors, and adopt an ecological approach to reflect contextual realities.
Introduction to Community Psychology
- Community psychology emerged in the 1960s and 1970s in the USA in response to traditional psychology's inadequacies in addressing socio-psychological issues.
- Emphasizes the intersection of individual, group, and social dynamics to tackle societal problems via community-focused interventions modeled on ecological perspectives.
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Description
Explore the key concepts in Psychology 348 focusing on psychological interventions and the holistic view of health. Understand the implications of well-being, disease prevention, and health promotion. This quiz not only covers theoretical aspects but also practical implications for mental and social health.
