Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of data illustrates the order of data points but does not provide exact differences?
What type of data illustrates the order of data points but does not provide exact differences?
- Ordinal Data (correct)
- Ratio Data
- Interval Data (correct)
- Discrete Data
Which of the following is an example of interval data?
Which of the following is an example of interval data?
- Age in years
- Satisfaction ratings (correct)
- IQ scores (correct)
- Height in centimeters
What data type includes values with a true zero point and allows for the calculation of ratios?
What data type includes values with a true zero point and allows for the calculation of ratios?
- Nominal Data
- Ratio Data (correct)
- Ordinal Data
- Interval Data
Which of the following statements about psychological research limitations is accurate?
Which of the following statements about psychological research limitations is accurate?
Which of the following represents a continuous data type with measurable values?
Which of the following represents a continuous data type with measurable values?
In which situation would it be important to question the absence of limitations in research?
In which situation would it be important to question the absence of limitations in research?
What type of data would a satisfaction rating system most closely resemble?
What type of data would a satisfaction rating system most closely resemble?
Which of the following illustrates a potential issue in psychological research?
Which of the following illustrates a potential issue in psychological research?
What is a primary characteristic of qualitative data?
What is a primary characteristic of qualitative data?
What type of questions does qualitative research typically aim to answer?
What type of questions does qualitative research typically aim to answer?
Which method is primarily used to analyze qualitative data?
Which method is primarily used to analyze qualitative data?
Quantitative data primarily answers questions about:
Quantitative data primarily answers questions about:
Which of the following is an example of nominal data?
Which of the following is an example of nominal data?
Which option lists characteristics of ordinal data?
Which option lists characteristics of ordinal data?
What is essential to obtain before conducting a study that involves human subjects?
What is essential to obtain before conducting a study that involves human subjects?
Which of the following is NOT involved in qualitative data collection?
Which of the following is NOT involved in qualitative data collection?
What is the main issue with P-hacking?
What is the main issue with P-hacking?
Which research design is best suited for examining differences between groups?
Which research design is best suited for examining differences between groups?
When looking for a relationship between two continuous variables, which type of research design is appropriate?
When looking for a relationship between two continuous variables, which type of research design is appropriate?
What does the term 'hypothesizing after results are known' imply?
What does the term 'hypothesizing after results are known' imply?
What is an example research question that requires qualitative research design?
What is an example research question that requires qualitative research design?
Which of the following is NOT a relevant focus area in P-hacking?
Which of the following is NOT a relevant focus area in P-hacking?
What type of research question examines trends or relationships over time?
What type of research question examines trends or relationships over time?
Which statement describes a key feature of experimental designs?
Which statement describes a key feature of experimental designs?
What is one of the key elements that a consent form must contain?
What is one of the key elements that a consent form must contain?
Which statement best addresses the voluntary nature of participation in research?
Which statement best addresses the voluntary nature of participation in research?
What information should a debriefing sheet provide regarding potential risks?
What information should a debriefing sheet provide regarding potential risks?
What format should statistical results follow in an APA style report?
What format should statistical results follow in an APA style report?
Which of the following is a required component of a consent form?
Which of the following is a required component of a consent form?
What additional detail can be included in the debriefing sheet compared to the Participant Information Sheet?
What additional detail can be included in the debriefing sheet compared to the Participant Information Sheet?
What should participants be assured of regarding their information during the research?
What should participants be assured of regarding their information during the research?
According to ethical standards, what must be confirmed in the consent form?
According to ethical standards, what must be confirmed in the consent form?
What is the primary purpose of conducting research in psychology?
What is the primary purpose of conducting research in psychology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of research designs mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of research designs mentioned?
What is the first step in the 7 BASIC STEPS OF RESEARCH DESIGN?
What is the first step in the 7 BASIC STEPS OF RESEARCH DESIGN?
In developing a research question, what does the analysis of existing data help to identify?
In developing a research question, what does the analysis of existing data help to identify?
When designing a study, which factor primarily influences the choice between quantitative and qualitative methods?
When designing a study, which factor primarily influences the choice between quantitative and qualitative methods?
What must be obtained before conducting a study involving human subjects?
What must be obtained before conducting a study involving human subjects?
In the context of research design, what does the term 'hypothesis' refer to?
In the context of research design, what does the term 'hypothesis' refer to?
What role does an abstract play when applying for ethical approval?
What role does an abstract play when applying for ethical approval?
Study Notes
Research in Psychology
- Research aims to understand human behavior, feelings, actions, and underlying motivations.
- Main designs for research include experimental, correlational, qualitative, and mixed methods.
- Research design should follow the 7 basic steps for effective study planning and execution.
Basic Steps of Research Design
- Find and Read Background Research: Explore existing literature to identify what has been studied and gaps in knowledge.
- Develop a Research Question: Focus on qualitative (research question) or quantitative (hypothesis) aspects based on the data gathered.
- Design a Study: Select the appropriate method (quantitative or qualitative) to address the research question.
- Apply for Ethical Approval: Submit detailed study plans to ethics boards, justifying relevance and safety.
Data Types in Research
- Qualitative Data: Involves words and descriptions; focuses on experiences and meanings using methods like interviews and observations.
- Quantitative Data: Involves numbers and statistics; answers questions related to frequency, counts, or scales using surveys and tests.
Four Types of Quantitative Data
- Nominal Data: Categorical with no inherent order (e.g., blood types, favorite colors).
- Ordinal Data: Ranked order without consistent intervals (e.g., race placements).
- Interval Data: Ordered and measurable but lacks a true zero (e.g., IQ scores, temperature).
- Ratio Data: Measurable with a true zero point, allowing for ratios and proportions (e.g., weight, height, age).
Importance of Critical Evaluation
- Consider limitations of prior studies, such as sample size and methodology, which can affect findings.
- The existence of limitations is normal; be cautious of studies that report no limitations, as data may be manipulated.
Ethical Research Practices
- Ensure study transparency and participant welfare, including informed consent and the right to withdraw.
- Include comprehensive information in consent forms covering aims, participant rights, potential risks, and contact details for researchers.
Research Question Planning Example
- Different approaches can be taken based on the objectives:
- Examine differences (experimental design) or correlations (correlational design).
- Identify themes (qualitative design) from text-based data.
Psychological Reports and Statistical Reporting
- Reports should follow APA style for statistical results, including proper notation for statistics, degrees of freedom, calculated values, and significance levels.
- Example: statistic (df) = X.XX, p =.XXX, where "p" value is italicized and statistics symbols are too.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of research methods discussed in Psychology 243. Understand the importance of studying human behavior and the various research designs including experimental, correlational, and qualitative approaches. Discover how these methods help predict behaviors and answer psychology questions.
