Psychological Assessment 2: Early Beginnings

Binet

William Stern

Lewis M. Terman

<p>factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Stanford-Binet</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Phrenology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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The ability to follow a moving object with the eyes.

The ability to understand the difference between two objects based on their properties.

The ability to understand and follow simple instructions.

The ability to name familiar objects when presented with a picture.

The ability to compare the lengths of two lines.

The ability to repeat a series of numbers in the order they were presented.

The ability to understand and respond to simple questions that require reasoning and comprehension.

The ability to define common words based on their function.

A measure of intelligence calculated by dividing mental age by chronological age (MA/CA).

In 1911, Binet's scale's limited revision was due to his death; the scale was extended to adult level.

William Stern proposed using an intelligence quotient (IQ) in 1912, which is calculated by dividing mental age by chronological age (MA/CA).

The idea that intelligence is not a single, unified ability, but rather a collection of distinct mental abilities.

Tests designed to measure an individual's standing in a variety of mental abilities, offering separate scores instead of a single IQ score.

A system of examinations used in ancient China to assess the suitability of individuals for government positions.

A series of tests administered every three years in ancient China to evaluate potential government officials.

A concept derived from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, stating that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

A field of study focused on individual differences in human traits, particularly intelligence and abilities.

An English biologist who pioneered the study of individual differences and led the development of the testing movement.

A laboratory established by Francis Galton in London to study human abilities and individual differences.

Techniques used by Francis Galton to measure human abilities, such as sensory discrimination and reaction time.

An American psychologist who contributed to the testing movement, coining the term "mental test" to describe tests designed to assess intellectual levels.

A series of tests created by James McKeen Cattell to assess the intellectual level of college students.

A technique used in psychological assessment that involves asking individuals to freely express their thoughts and feelings.

A psychologist who studied under Galton and Wundt and played a significant role in the development of psychological laboratories.

A measurement tool used in psychological assessment to gather subjective data from individuals.

A structured set of questions used to gather information from individuals.

The systematic process of measuring and evaluating individual differences in psychological characteristics and abilities.

The study and development of tests used to measure psychological traits and abilities.

A test designed to measure an individual's overall intellectual ability.

A test designed to measure specific abilities, such as mechanical, clerical, musical, or artistic aptitude.

A statistical method used to analyze the relationships between different variables, often used in the development of intelligence and aptitude tests.

A key development in the history of standardized testing, marking the shift from subjective assessments to more objective and consistent methods.

Introduced in 1845, these exams aimed to standardize the assessment process in Boston public schools, ensuring fairness and objectivity.

A significant step towards objective and uniform assessment. Replaced subjective essay questions with multiple-choice items, eliminating bias and ensuring a wider coverage of content.

A test designed to measure the intellectual abilities of individual examinees. This approach allows for individualized assessment and tailored feedback.

Introduced by Binet, these tests often require verbal responses or manipulation of physical objects, offering insights into an individual's cognitive processes.

A statistical method used to analyze correlations between measurements and identify underlying factors.

An organization that was responsible for developing and administering standardized tests, including college entrance exams.

A type of test designed to measure a person's acquired knowledge or skills in a specific subject or area.

A non-language intelligence test designed for individuals who are illiterate or unfamiliar with English.

A personality test created by Robert Woodworth. It was one of the first attempts to assess psychological traits and emotions.

A personality test that uses inkblots to reveal unconscious thoughts, desires, and emotions.

An attempt to measure personality using methods that lack scientific validity.

The Educational Testing Service. A non-profit organization that develops and administers standardized tests, including the SAT and GRE.

A method developed by Franz Joseph Gall, where skull features are observed or felt to determine individual's psychological attributes.

A now outdated practice, phrenology attempted to link skull features to specific personality traits and mental capabilities.

Although phrenology is considered obsolete, its underlying assumption that specific brain areas are associated with various functions was a significant step toward modern neuropsychology.

A practice that attempts to determine someone's temperament and character based on their physical features, particularly facial features.

Physiognomy associates specific facial or head features with distinct personal characteristics, often leading to inaccurate and biased judgments.

Both phrenology and physiognomy are widely considered outdated and scientifically invalid as they lacked empirical evidence and relied on subjective interpretations.

Robert Yerkes, a psychology professor at Harvard, was appointed by the American Psychological Association to create intelligence tests for army recruits.

The use of intelligence tests during World War I had a significant impact on psychology, leading to the development of standardized testing methods and the recognition of psychology as a scientific discipline.