Psych 100 Chapter 9 and 10 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is commonly associated with cults?

  • High-demand schedule (correct)
  • Freedom of choice
  • Flexible belief system
  • Open communication

    • What is a key motivator for members to remain in cults?

  • Healthy relationships
  • The ineffectiveness of logical arguments (correct)
  • Financial independence
  • Access to varied perspectives

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stereotypes?

  • Resistant to new information
  • Overgeneralized
  • Flexible (correct)
  • Positive

    • What distinguishes distress from eustress?

    <p>Eustress provides a feeling of control, whereas distress creates anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a response-based model of stress?

    <p>It examines how perceptions influence emotional responses to stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does brain death signify?

    <p>Permanent and irreversible loss of all brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of death is a person's breathing described as involuntary and labored?

    <p>Agonal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a good form of stress that can enhance performance?

    <p>Eustress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drive theory explain motivated behavior?

    <p>By stating it is a result of deviations from homeostasis creating physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes humanistic psychology from other branches of psychology?

    <p>Holistic consideration of individual experiences and potential for growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of homeostasis?

    <p>State of equilibrium in biological conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens during clinical death?

    <p>Person stops breathing and heart ceases to beat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome of distress?

    <p>Increased risk of exhaustion and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Triggers erectile responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which need is NOT part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

    <p>Social acceptance needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the amygdala involved in sexual behavior?

    <p>It assesses social cues for appropriateness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does damage to the MPOA have on male sexual behavior?

    <p>Impairs sexual behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure and reward in the nucleus accumbens during sexual behavior?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following needs is most fundamental according to Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Physiological needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sexual motivation when dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens is disrupted?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of needs does Maslow classify as 'Love and belonging needs'?

    <p>Social connections and acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes eustress from distress?

    <p>Eustress is typically caused by positive events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fundamental attribution error refer to?

    <p>Overemphasizing internal factors in explaining others' behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bias involves attributing personal success to internal factors while blaming situational circumstances for failures?

    <p>Self-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of obedience, what does entrapment refer to?

    <p>A process of escalating commitment that makes disobedience difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a motivator of obedience?

    <p>A strong personal belief in one’s own judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the just-world hypothesis influence people's perceptions of outcomes?

    <p>It implies that people earn outcomes based on their actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the tendency to explain our own behavior as situational while attributing others' behaviors to internal traits?

    <p>Actor-observer bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines cognitive dissonance?

    <p>A psychological discomfort due to conflicting beliefs or behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of object permanence refer to?

    <p>Understanding that an object can exist without being seen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes egocentrism in children?

    <p>Believing that one's perspective is the only one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does conservation in cognitive development signify?

    <p>Realizing that amounts remain constant despite changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation best illustrates a lack of conservation?

    <p>A child thinking a taller glass holds more liquid than a shorter one of equal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'imaginary audience' in psychological terms?

    <p>The idea that one is constantly being judged by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of personal fable suggests that an adolescent believes they are:

    <p>Unique and invulnerable to problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a persistent vegetative state (PVS)?

    <p>Partial state of arousal without awareness of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive ability primarily develops during the preoperational stage and relates to conservation?

    <p>Recognizing the constancy of an object's properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attribution theory aim to understand about behavior?

    <p>The feelings, beliefs, and intentions of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of repeated exposure to a statement known as?

    <p>Validity effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the validity effect contribute to disinformation?

    <p>It enhances cognitive fluency leading to misjudgment of truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of initiation rituals in psychology?

    <p>To establish a sense of belonging and transition into new roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do challenge and discomfort play in initiation rituals?

    <p>They enhance the sense of connection and trust among members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are individuals typically targeted for recruitment by cults or terrorist organizations?

    <p>By presenting solutions to their frustrations and isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation is often promised to individuals by cults during recruitment?

    <p>From rejected to superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do frustrated or isolated individuals seek through recruitment into cults?

    <p>To achieve a sense of belonging and purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psych 100 Chapter 9

    • Object Permanence: The understanding that objects continue to exist even when not visible.
    • Egocentrism: Difficulty taking another person's perspective; a characteristic of a preoperational child.
    • Conservation: Understanding that quantity remains constant despite changes in appearance (e.g., shape). A lack of conservation means a child believes a changed appearance means a change in quantity.
    • Imaginary Audience: Belief that others are constantly watching and judging one's appearance and actions.
    • Personal Fable: Belief that one is unique and invulnerable; a core concept of adolescent egocentrism.
    • Persistent Vegetative State: A chronic condition where a person is in a state of arousal but unaware of their surroundings. Severe brain damage can cause this condition

    Psych 100 Chapter 10

    • Homeostasis: State of equilibrium in biological conditions (e.g., body temperature).
    • Self-actualization: Reaching full potential; a need in Maslow's hierarchy.
    • Eustress: Good stress; associated with positive feelings and optimal performance.
    • Distress: Bad stress; associated with exhaustion, fatigue and bad performance.
    • Drive Theory: Explains motivated behavior as a deviation from homeostasis; creating a psychological drive to meet needs and restore balance.

    Psych 100 Chapter 15

    • Vulnerability-Stress Model: A theory that suggests psychological disorders result from a combination of vulnerabilities (e.g., genetics, personality) and stressors (e.g., trauma, environmental factors).
    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry and anxiety.
    • Panic Disorder: Characterized by sudden, intense episodes of fear and anxiety (panic attacks).
    • Phobias: Exaggerated fear of specific objects, activities, or situations.
    • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A condition triggered by traumatic events, characterized by intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and avoidance of reminders of the trauma.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Characterized by unwanted thoughts or obsessions, and compulsive behaviors to relieve anxiety from those thoughts/obsessions.
    • Major Depression: Characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and other symptoms.
    • Bipolar Disorder: Characterized by extreme shifts in mood between manic episodes (excess energy, impulsivity) and depressive episodes.
    • Borderline Personality Disorder: A condition involving instability in emotions, relationships, and self-image.
    • Psychopathy: A personality disorder characterized by antisocial behavior, lack of empathy, and manipulativeness.
    • Antisocial Personality Disorder: A personality disorder characterized by disregard for social norms and rights of others.
    • Dissociative Identity Disorder: A dissociative disorder in which identity is fragmented, resulting in the presence of two or more distinct personalities.
    • Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder that involves disruptions in thinking, feelings, and behavior.

    Additional Topics

    • Milgram Obedience Study and Stanford Prison Experiment: Studies examining human obedience and conformity in extreme situations.

    • Motivators of obedience and entrapment: Understanding factors that lead individuals to obey authority.

    • Attribution Theory: Explain how people attribute causes to events and behaviors.

    • Validity Effect: Explains how repeated exposure to a statement increased the likelihood that a person will perceive that statement as true, regardless of actuality.

    • Initiation Rituals: Practices designed to welcome and bind individuals to social groups.

    • Cult Recruitment: Methods and influences to recruitment in cults.

    • Stereotypes: Oversimplified beliefs about groups of people.

    • Origins of Prejudice: Psychological, social, economic, cultural and natural influences of prejudice.

    • HPA Axis: Body's response to stress—Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA axis) releases stress hormones.

    • General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Response to stress encompasses alarm, resistance, and exhaustion phases.

    • Problem-Focused and Emotion-Focused Coping: Different ways of dealing with problems.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts from Psych 100 Chapters 9 and 10. This quiz covers topics such as object permanence, egocentrism, conservation, and homeostasis. Perfect for reviewing essential psychological theories and principles related to childhood development and motivation.

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