PSYC20008: Emotional Development and Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is emotion composed of?

  • Only motivation to take action and emotional expressions
  • Physiological experiences, cognitions, and motivations (correct)
  • Only cognitions and feelings
  • Only physiological experiences and neural responses

What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach to emotion?

  • The role of neurotransmitters in emotion
  • The influence of temperament on emotion
  • The cognitive process involved in emotion (correct)
  • The dynamic systems approach to emotion

What is the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

  • A view that views emotion as a dynamic system with specific purpose, needs, and resources (correct)
  • A view that emotion is a singular event
  • A perspective that focuses on the role of cognitions in emotion
  • A perspective that emphasizes the importance of temperament

What is a key component of the cognitive approach to emotion?

<p>Primary Appraisal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cognitions in the cognitive approach to emotion?

<p>To influence motivations and actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the cognitive approach, what is the relationship between cognitions and feelings?

<p>Cognitions precede feelings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

<p>Emotion is a sequenced order of internal events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key implication of the cognitive approach to emotion?

<p>Emotion influences how a person communicates with others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of development does emotion regulation mainly rely on caregivers?

<p>Infancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary strategy used in emotional regulation during toddlerhood?

<p>Behavioral strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In early and middle childhood, what additional strategy is used for emotional regulation?

<p>Cognitive strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Mischel et al. (1972) study, what did the researchers investigate?

<p>Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of emotional regulation during adolescence?

<p>Emotion regulation is disrupted by changes during puberty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What informs a person's temperament?

<p>Patterns of arousal, motor activity, and attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is temperament defined as?

<p>A person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does the use of cognitive strategies for emotional regulation become prominent?

<p>Early and Middle Childhood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of emotions in the dynamic systems approach?

<p>They become more complex as the child's understanding of their world increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the cognitive approach to emotion?

<p>The cognitive appraisals that lead to emotional experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emotional regulation, according to Gross (1998)?

<p>Conscious and unconscious processes used to monitor, modify and modulate emotional experiences and expressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why we regulate our emotions?

<p>To adapt to our environment and achieve our goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Process Model of Emotion Regulation based on?

<p>The work of Gross (1998) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

<p>Small changes to one element can affect the entire system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to describe the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

<p>A holistic approach that considers the entire system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the cognitive approach and the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

<p>The cognitive approach focuses on cognitive appraisals, while the dynamic systems approach focuses on the entire system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-regulation related to?

<p>Modifying and adjusting reactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the dimensions of temperament?

<p>Reaction to new people and situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key finding of the study on temperament?

<p>Difficulty in temperament is related to developmental problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of emotion regulation on social and emotional development?

<p>It has implications for social and emotional development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of temperament?

<p>It is a person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of early interventions in relation to temperament?

<p>To reduce the risk of adjustment problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emotion Regulation

  • Emotion regulation helps us achieve our goals.
  • Emotion regulation involves behavioral and cognitive strategies.

Emotional Regulation in Infancy and Toddlerhood

  • Infancy (0-2 years): Reliance on caregivers for regulation.
  • Infancy: Self-soothing and averting gaze are examples of behavioral strategies.
  • Toddlerhood: Responding to others' needs and experiencing new emotions.

Emotional Regulation in Early and Middle Childhood

  • Early and Middle Childhood (3-9 years): Behavioral strategies include distraction, and cognitive strategies include understanding that emotions affect others, negotiating outcomes, and discussing feelings.
  • Research by Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E.B., & Raskoff Zeiss, A. (1972) on cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification.

Emotional Regulation in Late Childhood and Adolescence

  • Late Childhood (9-11 years): Cognitive strategies include manipulating behavior for goals.
  • Adolescence (12+ years): Emotional regulation is disrupted by changes during puberty, such as arousal, motivation, and risk-taking.

Overview of Emotion and Emotion Regulation

  • Emotion is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon.
  • Different perspectives on emotion include cognitive, dynamic systems, and discrete models.
  • Emotion regulation develops with a child's increasing cognitive and social capacity.

Dynamic Systems Approach to Emotion

  • Emotion as a dynamic system: Heart rate, dizzy, fast breath, sweat, and safety are interconnected.
  • Emotion changes with experience and development, becoming more complex as the child's understanding of their cognitive, physical, personal, and social worlds becomes more complex.

Temperament

  • Temperament is a person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion.
  • Dimensions of temperament include energy level, ability to focus, emotion response patterns, and reaction to new people and situations.
  • Temperament profiles can be used to predict developmental outcomes.
  • The Australian Temperament Project (ATP) is a long-running study of social and emotional development.

Process Model of Emotion Regulation

  • Emotion regulation is a conscious and unconscious process used to monitor, modify, and modulate emotional experiences and expressions.
  • Research by Gross, J.J. (1998) on the emerging field of emotion regulation and antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation.

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Description

Explore the concept of emotions, different perspectives, and how emotion regulation develops in this lecture on developmental psychology.

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