PSYC20008: Emotional Development and Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is emotion composed of?

  • Only motivation to take action and emotional expressions
  • Physiological experiences, cognitions, and motivations (correct)
  • Only cognitions and feelings
  • Only physiological experiences and neural responses

    • What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach to emotion?

  • The role of neurotransmitters in emotion
  • The influence of temperament on emotion
  • The cognitive process involved in emotion (correct)
  • The dynamic systems approach to emotion

    • What is the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

  • A view that views emotion as a dynamic system with specific purpose, needs, and resources (correct)
  • A view that emotion is a singular event
  • A perspective that focuses on the role of cognitions in emotion
  • A perspective that emphasizes the importance of temperament

    • What is a key component of the cognitive approach to emotion?

    <p>Primary Appraisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cognitions in the cognitive approach to emotion?

    <p>To influence motivations and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the cognitive approach, what is the relationship between cognitions and feelings?

    <p>Cognitions precede feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

    <p>Emotion is a sequenced order of internal events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of the cognitive approach to emotion?

    <p>Emotion influences how a person communicates with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of development does emotion regulation mainly rely on caregivers?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary strategy used in emotional regulation during toddlerhood?

    <p>Behavioral strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early and middle childhood, what additional strategy is used for emotional regulation?

    <p>Cognitive strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Mischel et al. (1972) study, what did the researchers investigate?

    <p>Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of emotional regulation during adolescence?

    <p>Emotion regulation is disrupted by changes during puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What informs a person's temperament?

    <p>Patterns of arousal, motor activity, and attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is temperament defined as?

    <p>A person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range does the use of cognitive strategies for emotional regulation become prominent?

    <p>Early and Middle Childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of emotions in the dynamic systems approach?

    <p>They become more complex as the child's understanding of their world increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the cognitive approach to emotion?

    <p>The cognitive appraisals that lead to emotional experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emotional regulation, according to Gross (1998)?

    <p>Conscious and unconscious processes used to monitor, modify and modulate emotional experiences and expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason why we regulate our emotions?

    <p>To adapt to our environment and achieve our goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Process Model of Emotion Regulation based on?

    <p>The work of Gross (1998)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

    <p>Small changes to one element can affect the entire system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to describe the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

    <p>A holistic approach that considers the entire system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the cognitive approach and the dynamic systems approach to emotion?

    <p>The cognitive approach focuses on cognitive appraisals, while the dynamic systems approach focuses on the entire system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-regulation related to?

    <p>Modifying and adjusting reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the dimensions of temperament?

    <p>Reaction to new people and situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key finding of the study on temperament?

    <p>Difficulty in temperament is related to developmental problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of emotion regulation on social and emotional development?

    <p>It has implications for social and emotional development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of temperament?

    <p>It is a person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of early interventions in relation to temperament?

    <p>To reduce the risk of adjustment problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Emotion Regulation

    • Emotion regulation helps us achieve our goals.
    • Emotion regulation involves behavioral and cognitive strategies.

    Emotional Regulation in Infancy and Toddlerhood

    • Infancy (0-2 years): Reliance on caregivers for regulation.
    • Infancy: Self-soothing and averting gaze are examples of behavioral strategies.
    • Toddlerhood: Responding to others' needs and experiencing new emotions.

    Emotional Regulation in Early and Middle Childhood

    • Early and Middle Childhood (3-9 years): Behavioral strategies include distraction, and cognitive strategies include understanding that emotions affect others, negotiating outcomes, and discussing feelings.
    • Research by Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E.B., & Raskoff Zeiss, A. (1972) on cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification.

    Emotional Regulation in Late Childhood and Adolescence

    • Late Childhood (9-11 years): Cognitive strategies include manipulating behavior for goals.
    • Adolescence (12+ years): Emotional regulation is disrupted by changes during puberty, such as arousal, motivation, and risk-taking.

    Overview of Emotion and Emotion Regulation

    • Emotion is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon.
    • Different perspectives on emotion include cognitive, dynamic systems, and discrete models.
    • Emotion regulation develops with a child's increasing cognitive and social capacity.

    Dynamic Systems Approach to Emotion

    • Emotion as a dynamic system: Heart rate, dizzy, fast breath, sweat, and safety are interconnected.
    • Emotion changes with experience and development, becoming more complex as the child's understanding of their cognitive, physical, personal, and social worlds becomes more complex.

    Temperament

    • Temperament is a person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion.
    • Dimensions of temperament include energy level, ability to focus, emotion response patterns, and reaction to new people and situations.
    • Temperament profiles can be used to predict developmental outcomes.
    • The Australian Temperament Project (ATP) is a long-running study of social and emotional development.

    Process Model of Emotion Regulation

    • Emotion regulation is a conscious and unconscious process used to monitor, modify, and modulate emotional experiences and expressions.
    • Research by Gross, J.J. (1998) on the emerging field of emotion regulation and antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation.

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    Description

    Explore the concept of emotions, different perspectives, and how emotion regulation develops in this lecture on developmental psychology.

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