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Questions and Answers
What is emotion composed of?
What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach to emotion?
What is the dynamic systems approach to emotion?
What is a key component of the cognitive approach to emotion?
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What is the role of cognitions in the cognitive approach to emotion?
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According to the cognitive approach, what is the relationship between cognitions and feelings?
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What is a key feature of the dynamic systems approach to emotion?
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What is a key implication of the cognitive approach to emotion?
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At what stage of development does emotion regulation mainly rely on caregivers?
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What is the primary strategy used in emotional regulation during toddlerhood?
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In early and middle childhood, what additional strategy is used for emotional regulation?
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According to the Mischel et al. (1972) study, what did the researchers investigate?
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What is a characteristic of emotional regulation during adolescence?
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What informs a person's temperament?
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What is temperament defined as?
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At what age range does the use of cognitive strategies for emotional regulation become prominent?
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What is a key characteristic of emotions in the dynamic systems approach?
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What is the main focus of the cognitive approach to emotion?
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What is emotional regulation, according to Gross (1998)?
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What is a reason why we regulate our emotions?
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What is the Process Model of Emotion Regulation based on?
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What is a key feature of the dynamic systems approach to emotion?
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What is one way to describe the dynamic systems approach to emotion?
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What is a key difference between the cognitive approach and the dynamic systems approach to emotion?
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What is self-regulation related to?
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What is one of the dimensions of temperament?
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What is a key finding of the study on temperament?
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What is the main implication of emotion regulation on social and emotional development?
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What is a characteristic of temperament?
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What is the purpose of early interventions in relation to temperament?
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Study Notes
Emotion Regulation
- Emotion regulation helps us achieve our goals.
- Emotion regulation involves behavioral and cognitive strategies.
Emotional Regulation in Infancy and Toddlerhood
- Infancy (0-2 years): Reliance on caregivers for regulation.
- Infancy: Self-soothing and averting gaze are examples of behavioral strategies.
- Toddlerhood: Responding to others' needs and experiencing new emotions.
Emotional Regulation in Early and Middle Childhood
- Early and Middle Childhood (3-9 years): Behavioral strategies include distraction, and cognitive strategies include understanding that emotions affect others, negotiating outcomes, and discussing feelings.
- Research by Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E.B., & Raskoff Zeiss, A. (1972) on cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification.
Emotional Regulation in Late Childhood and Adolescence
- Late Childhood (9-11 years): Cognitive strategies include manipulating behavior for goals.
- Adolescence (12+ years): Emotional regulation is disrupted by changes during puberty, such as arousal, motivation, and risk-taking.
Overview of Emotion and Emotion Regulation
- Emotion is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon.
- Different perspectives on emotion include cognitive, dynamic systems, and discrete models.
- Emotion regulation develops with a child's increasing cognitive and social capacity.
Dynamic Systems Approach to Emotion
- Emotion as a dynamic system: Heart rate, dizzy, fast breath, sweat, and safety are interconnected.
- Emotion changes with experience and development, becoming more complex as the child's understanding of their cognitive, physical, personal, and social worlds becomes more complex.
Temperament
- Temperament is a person's characteristic way of feeling and responding to emotion.
- Dimensions of temperament include energy level, ability to focus, emotion response patterns, and reaction to new people and situations.
- Temperament profiles can be used to predict developmental outcomes.
- The Australian Temperament Project (ATP) is a long-running study of social and emotional development.
Process Model of Emotion Regulation
- Emotion regulation is a conscious and unconscious process used to monitor, modify, and modulate emotional experiences and expressions.
- Research by Gross, J.J. (1998) on the emerging field of emotion regulation and antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation.
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Description
Explore the concept of emotions, different perspectives, and how emotion regulation develops in this lecture on developmental psychology.
