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Questions and Answers
What is the primary factor influencing emotional expressions according to the concept of nature versus nurture?
What is the primary factor influencing emotional expressions according to the concept of nature versus nurture?
At what age do infants typically begin to display basic emotions such as happiness and sadness?
At what age do infants typically begin to display basic emotions such as happiness and sadness?
Which of the following is NOT one of Erikson's psychosocial dilemmas?
Which of the following is NOT one of Erikson's psychosocial dilemmas?
What emotional need is defined as the requirement for positive relationships and care?
What emotional need is defined as the requirement for positive relationships and care?
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Which emotional expression develops through a child's ability to identify feelings in others by 36–48 months?
Which emotional expression develops through a child's ability to identify feelings in others by 36–48 months?
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What describes the 'Positivity Effect' observed in older adults?
What describes the 'Positivity Effect' observed in older adults?
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Which category of attachment is characterized by an infant being upset by the caregiver's absence and seeking comfort upon their return?
Which category of attachment is characterized by an infant being upset by the caregiver's absence and seeking comfort upon their return?
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What change in emotional intensity is typically observed during adolescence?
What change in emotional intensity is typically observed during adolescence?
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What is the Dunning-Kruger Effect primarily associated with?
What is the Dunning-Kruger Effect primarily associated with?
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What role does the Fusiform Face Area play in the brain?
What role does the Fusiform Face Area play in the brain?
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At what age does Theory of Mind typically begin to develop?
At what age does Theory of Mind typically begin to develop?
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Which of the following best defines object permanence?
Which of the following best defines object permanence?
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What is indicated by increased amygdala activity in PTSD patients?
What is indicated by increased amygdala activity in PTSD patients?
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How does expertise influence the learning process?
How does expertise influence the learning process?
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What is the process called when a neuron is inactive due to a negative charge inside?
What is the process called when a neuron is inactive due to a negative charge inside?
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What challenge is presented by optimistic bias in individuals?
What challenge is presented by optimistic bias in individuals?
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What characteristic of dominant genes is important in genetics?
What characteristic of dominant genes is important in genetics?
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What is a significant impact of teratogens on fetal development?
What is a significant impact of teratogens on fetal development?
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How does the concept of deprivation affect a child's development?
How does the concept of deprivation affect a child's development?
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What is the effect of methylation on gene expression?
What is the effect of methylation on gene expression?
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Which reflex assists infants in finding food?
Which reflex assists infants in finding food?
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What does cephalocaudal development refer to?
What does cephalocaudal development refer to?
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At what age can newborns typically start detecting shapes and colors?
At what age can newborns typically start detecting shapes and colors?
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Study Notes
Nature vs. Nurture and Emotional Expression
- The nature versus nurture debate centers on the relative contributions of innate biological factors and environmental experiences in shaping emotional expression.
Infant Emotions
- Infants typically begin displaying basic emotions like happiness and sadness around the age of 4-6 months.
Erikson's Psychosocial Dilemmas
- Identity vs. Role Confusion is NOT one of Erikson's psychosocial dilemmas.
Emotional Needs
- The emotional need for affiliation, defined as the requirement for positive relationships and care, plays a crucial role in human development.
Empathy Development
- Empathy, the ability to identify feelings in others, emerges around 36–48 months.
Positivity Effect
- The Positivity Effect, observed in older adults, reflects an increased focus on and recall of positive experiences compared to negative ones.
Attachment Styles
- Secure attachment is characterized by an infant being upset by the caregiver's absence and seeking comfort upon their return.
Emotional Changes in Adolescence
- Adolescence often involves an intensification of emotions, leading to more dramatic and extreme emotional responses.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
- The Dunning-Kruger Effect primarily relates to an individual's overestimation of their abilities, particularly in areas where they lack expertise.
Fusiform Face Area
- The Fusiform Face Area (FFA) is a brain region specialized in processing visual information related to facial recognition.
Theory of Mind Development
- Theory of Mind, the understanding that others have different beliefs and perspectives, typically begins to develop around the age of 4-5 years.
Object Permanence
- Object permanence, the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it's out of sight, is a foundational concept in cognitive development.
Amygdala and PTSD
- Increased activity in the amygdala, a brain structure involved in processing fear and threat, is a characteristic finding in individuals diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Expertise and Learning
- Expertise can significantly enhance the learning process by allowing individuals to process information more efficiently and make connections more readily.
Neuron Inactivity
- Hyperpolarization refers to the process where a neuron is inactive due to a negative charge inside.
Optimistic Bias Challenges
- Optimistic bias, a tendency to overestimate positive outcomes, can present challenges by leading individuals to underestimate risks.
Dominant Gene Characteristics
- Dominant genes exert their influence even when paired with a recessive gene.
Teratogens and Fetal Development
- Teratogens, substances that can harm a developing fetus, can have significant and long-lasting impacts on fetal development, potentially causing physical and cognitive impairments.
Deprivation and Development
- Deprivation, particularly in early childhood, can have detrimental effects on a child's development, impacting emotional, social, and cognitive growth.
Methylation and Gene Expression
- Methylation, a biochemical process, can modify gene expression, influencing the activity of genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
Rooting Reflex
- The rooting reflex, present in infants, helps them find food by turning their head towards a stimulus that touches their cheek.
Cephalocaudal Development
- Cephalocaudal development refers to the pattern of physical growth that progresses from the head downward.
Infant Shape and Color Perception
- Newborns typically begin detecting shapes and colors around the age of 2-3 months.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts related to emotional development and expressions from infancy through adolescence. Questions address theories of emotions, psychological dilemmas, and the neurological basis of emotional recognition. Test your understanding of the interplay between nature and nurture in shaping emotional experiences.
