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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the science of psychology?
What is the primary method used in psychology to answer questions?
What is the focus of the historical roots of psychology?
What is the primary goal of psychology that involves making forecasts about behavior?
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Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the functions of the mind and behaviour in adapting to the environment?
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Who is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in Germany?
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What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis in psychology?
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What is the main goal of structuralism in psychology?
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Which school of thought in psychology advocates for the use of experimental procedures?
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What is the primary focus of behaviourism in psychology?
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According to psychoanalysis, what is the age by which personality is mostly established?
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What is the core belief of humanistic psychologists?
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Who is credited with founding Gestalt psychology?
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What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
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How many distinct divisions are recognized by the American Psychology Association?
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Which perspective views behavior as a result of unconscious forces?
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What is the focus of the evolutionary perspective in psychology?
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Which perspective is concerned with how our thinking varies across cultures and situations?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized division of psychology by the American Psychology Association?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processing, focusing on observable actions (behavior) and subjective experiences (mind).
- The primary goals of psychology are to describe, understand, explain, predict, and control behavior.
Historical Background of Psychology
- Psychology originated from philosophy, with ancient philosophers like Aristotle asking questions about memory, personality, and emotions.
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Germany in 1897, marking the beginning of modern psychology.
Theoretical Currents in Psychology
Structuralism
- Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, who attempted to uncover the structure of consciousness through introspection.
- Focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic components.
Functionalism
- Founded by William James, who emphasized the functions of the mind and behavior in adapting to the environment.
- Concerned with the conscious experience and functions of mental processes.
Behaviourism
- Advocates the use of experimental procedures in psychology.
- Focuses on scientifically studying overt behavior, with notable contributors like B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, and John B. Watson.
Psychoanalysis
- Founded by Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the role of the unconscious in human behavior and mental disorders.
- Suggests that early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life.
Humanistic Psychology
- Founded by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, who believe in human free will, goals, aspirations, and motivations.
- Emphasizes self-actualization and the ability to become whatever one wants to become.
Gestalt Psychology
- Founded by Max Wertheimer, who focused on studying mental processes and behaviors as "wholes" rather than separate parts.
- Emphasizes that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."
Cognitive Psychology
- Focused on the importance of how the mind processes and retains information.
- Influenced by Jean Piaget, who saw behavior as a plan generated by mental processes.
The Profession of Psychology
- The American Psychology Association recognizes 56 distinct divisions, including clinical psychology, health psychology, counseling psychology, and more.
Psychological Perspectives
- Neuroscience: the functioning of the brain and other systems and how they affect behavior.
- Evolutionary: principles of natural selection applied to psychological phenomena.
- Behavioural Genetics: genes and environment influence individual differences.
- Psychodynamic: unconscious forces that influence behavior.
- Behavioural: observable or learnt behaviors.
- Cognitive: how knowledge is acquired, organized, remembered, and used to guide behavior.
- Socio-cultural: how our thinking varies across cultures and situations.
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Description
This quiz covers the introductory lecture of PSYC1001, including the main theoretical currents in psychology, based on the 12th edition of Psychology by David Myers and the OpenStax Psychology textbook.
