PSIO441 Unit 2 Study Guide: Chapters 13-14

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Questions and Answers

What does Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) refer to in lung mechanics?

The difference between inspiratory capacity and tidal volume
The total volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a full expiration (correct)
The volume of air in the lungs at the end of inspiration

In terms of lung compliance and elasticity, which statement accurately describes their roles?

High elasticity correlates with high compliance, allowing for easier lung expansion
Compliance increases with a decrease in elastic recoil, facilitating easier breathing (correct)
Lung elasticity hinders compliance, making it harder to draw in air
Elasticity is responsible for lung expansion, while compliance aids in recoil

What does the transpulmonary pressure gradient indicate in the respiratory system?

The total pressure exerted by the lungs on the thoracic wall
The pressure difference between the alveoli and pleural space (correct)
The pressure required for forced expiration
The difference in pressure between atmospheric and intrapulmonary pressure

How do dynamic and static lung mechanics differ in measurement?

Dynamic mechanics measure airflow during breathing, while static focuses on lung volume at rest (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological changes occur during forced expiration?

Engagement of abdominal muscles and internal intercostals for pressure increase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) primarily represent in the respiratory system?

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after passive expiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately distinguishes Inspiratory Capacity (IC) from other lung volumes?

It includes both the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of lung mechanics, how does compliance differ from elasticity?

Compliance refers to the ability to expand, while elasticity relates to the lungs' ability to recoil. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the transpulmonary pressure gradient essential for in the lungs?

Allowing for passive lung expansion and contraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Dynamic lung mechanics can best be characterized by which of the following?

The interaction between airflow patterns and alveolar pressures (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily influences the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) in healthy lungs?

The elasticity of lung tissue and thoracic wall compliance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the intrapleural pressure (IPP) play in the respiratory mechanics?

It ensures optimal expansion of the lungs during inspiration. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which condition would lung compliance be most likely to decrease?

Age-related degeneration of elastic fibers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What force do the muscles of the chest wall primarily overcome during inspiration?

Elastic recoil of the pulmonary system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a deficiency in pulmonary surfactant?

Increased surface tension in the alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

In patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which underlying issue is commonly present?

Airway gastric aspirations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lungs at functional residual capacity (FRC)?

Muscles are relaxed with a tendency to collapse (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes lung compliance?

It indicates the ability of lungs to expand with pressure changes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which forces must be overcome during the active process of inspiration?

Inertia associated with flowing air and moving tissues, tissue, and flow resistance (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does pulmonary surfactant affect alveoli during respiration?

It prevents collapse of alveoli by reducing surface tension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between transpulmonary pressure and lung volume during inspiration?

Transpulmonary pressure increases, leading to lung volume expansion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What defines the difference between dynamic and static lung mechanics?

Static mechanics evaluate lung function at rest or non-airflow conditions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

FRC is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation. (A), FRC can be diminished by conditions that restrict lung expansion. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does Inspiratory Capacity (IC) relate to lung volumes?

IC is the maximum volume of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between lung compliance and lung elasticity?

Compliance refers to lung expansion while elasticity refers to lung recoil. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the transpulmonary pressure gradient indicate?

The pressure difference between the alveolar space and the pleural pressure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of dynamic lung mechanics, which factor most significantly affects airflow?

Resistance in the airways and the compliance of lung tissues. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely to reduce lung compliance?

Pulmonary fibrosis due to thickening of lung tissue. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do dynamic lung mechanics vary from static lung mechanics?

Static measurements reflect how the lungs operate under normal resting conditions. (C), Static mechanics are important for understanding compliance only, while dynamic includes airflow rates. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of the mucociliary escalator?

To transport mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory system. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the high surface area in alveoli?

It facilitates increased gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In patients with reduced lung elasticity, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Reduced efficiency of gas exchange in the alveoli. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

The outward recoil of the chest wall is counterbalanced by the inward recoil of the lungs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when the transpulmonary pressure gradient is negative?

The lungs are in a state of collapse. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is lung compliance defined?

The effort required to stretch or distend the lungs during inspiration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of surfactant in the context of lung mechanics?

To reduce the surface tension in alveoli, preventing collapse. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When does air leave the lungs in relation to atmospheric pressure?

When the intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What relationship does high compliance have with lung function?

It reflects a low effort required for lung inflation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the lung tissue exhibits low elasticity?

The lungs are difficult to deflate after inflation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily influences the development of a negative intrapleural pressure (IPP)?

The outward recoil of the chest wall. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In static lung mechanics, what is the primary consideration?

The volumes and pressures measured without airflow. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the elastic recoil of the lung tissue play in breathing?

It drives the movement of air out during expiration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Visceral Pleura

The membrane that directly covers the lungs.

Parietal Pleura

The membrane that lines the inner surface of the chest wall.