Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Multicellular organisms
  • Unicellular organisms
  • The cell (correct)

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

  • Larger size and differentiated nucleus (correct)
  • Contain numerous organelles
  • More evolved and complex
  • All of the above

Where will you find many different types of cells, each with a particular function?

  • In multicellular organisms
  • In prokaryotic cells
  • In tissues (correct)
  • In the cytosol

What surrounds all types of cells in the human body?

<p>Plasma membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the nucleus of a cell?

<p>Genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organelle responsible for producing energy in the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?

<p>Endosymbiotic theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in a cell?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

<p>Nucleoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complex forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

<p>Chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, where do the microtubules of the mitotic spindle bind?

<p>Kinetochore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and the location of organelles?

<p>Cytoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein forms microfilaments in non-muscular cells?

<p>Actin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular membrane protrusions increase the surface area of the cell?

<p>&quot;Microvilli&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure supports the cell maintaining its three-dimensional structure?

<p>&quot;Intermediate filaments&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are microtubules organized from in a region near the nucleus called?

<p>&quot;Centrosome&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chromosomes appear visible under during cell division?

<p>&quot;Optical microscope&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when two chromatids join at a point called centromere?

<p>&quot;Chromosome&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the centrosome?

<p>Forming the mitotic spindle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the centrioles located in animal cells?

<p>In pairs with the cylindrical centrioles at right angles to each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed by a central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets?

<p>Cilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell organelle is responsible for providing energy for movement in the flagellum?

<p>Sheath of mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the basal body in relation to the cilium?

<p>At the base of the cilium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is formed by a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material?

<p>Centrosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do microtubules polymerize and depolymerize from?

<p>Centrosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the flagellum in human cells?

<p>It has a sheath of mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only human cell that has a flagellum?

<p>Sperm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cilia?

<p>Moving substances from the medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

<p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is most abundant in the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

<p>They are involved in recognition and signaling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most intrinsic proteins located in the cell membrane?

<p>Completely crossing the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of membrane proteins?

<p>Transport, union, signal reception, and enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model used to describe?

<p>The arrangement of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Lipid synthesis and calcium storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for degrading different types of molecules with the help of acid hydrolase enzymes?

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?

<p>Degradation of fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain ATP for the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Processing and packaging of proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains oxidative enzymes and intervenes in the degradation of fatty acids?

<p>Peroxisomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes associated with membrane located in the cell?

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

<p>Become part of the plasma membrane or undergo processing and packaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of lysosomes within the cell?

<p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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