44 Questions
What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?
The cell
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Larger size and differentiated nucleus
Where will you find many different types of cells, each with a particular function?
In tissues
What surrounds all types of cells in the human body?
Plasma membrane
What is contained in the nucleus of a cell?
Genetic material
What is the organelle responsible for producing energy in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?
Endosymbiotic theory
What organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in a cell?
Nucleus
What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?
Nucleoplasm
What complex forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?
Chromatin
During cell division, where do the microtubules of the mitotic spindle bind?
Kinetochore
What system is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and the location of organelles?
Cytoskeleton
Which protein forms microfilaments in non-muscular cells?
Actin
What cellular membrane protrusions increase the surface area of the cell?
"Microvilli"
Which structure supports the cell maintaining its three-dimensional structure?
"Intermediate filaments"
Where are microtubules organized from in a region near the nucleus called?
"Centrosome"
What do chromosomes appear visible under during cell division?
"Optical microscope"
What is formed when two chromatids join at a point called centromere?
"Chromosome"
What is the main function of the centrosome?
Forming the mitotic spindle
Where are the centrioles located in animal cells?
In pairs with the cylindrical centrioles at right angles to each other
What is the structure formed by a central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets?
Cilia
Which cell organelle is responsible for providing energy for movement in the flagellum?
Sheath of mitochondria
What is the location of the basal body in relation to the cilium?
At the base of the cilium
Which structure is formed by a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material?
Centrosome
What do microtubules polymerize and depolymerize from?
Centrosome
What is unique about the flagellum in human cells?
It has a sheath of mitochondria
What is the only human cell that has a flagellum?
Sperm
What is the main function of cilia?
Moving substances from the medium
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells
Which component is most abundant in the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?
They are involved in recognition and signaling
Where are most intrinsic proteins located in the cell membrane?
Completely crossing the membrane
What is the main role of membrane proteins?
Transport, union, signal reception, and enzymes
What is the fluid mosaic model used to describe?
The arrangement of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane
Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid synthesis and calcium storage
Which organelle is responsible for degrading different types of molecules with the help of acid hydrolase enzymes?
Lysosomes
What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?
Degradation of fatty acids
Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain ATP for the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processing and packaging of proteins
Which organelle contains oxidative enzymes and intervenes in the degradation of fatty acids?
Peroxisomes
Where are ribosomes associated with membrane located in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Become part of the plasma membrane or undergo processing and packaging
What is the origin of lysosomes within the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Test your knowledge about protein synthesis and the endomembrane system within the cell. Explore the origin, function, and key components of this essential biological process.
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