Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Multicellular organisms
  • Unicellular organisms
  • The cell (correct)

    • What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

  • Larger size and differentiated nucleus (correct)
  • Contain numerous organelles
  • More evolved and complex
  • All of the above

    • Where will you find many different types of cells, each with a particular function?

  • In multicellular organisms
  • In prokaryotic cells
  • In tissues (correct)
  • In the cytosol

    • What surrounds all types of cells in the human body?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained in the nucleus of a cell?

    <p>Genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organelle responsible for producing energy in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Endosymbiotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complex forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cell division, where do the microtubules of the mitotic spindle bind?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and the location of organelles?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein forms microfilaments in non-muscular cells?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular membrane protrusions increase the surface area of the cell?

    <p>&quot;Microvilli&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure supports the cell maintaining its three-dimensional structure?

    <p>&quot;Intermediate filaments&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microtubules organized from in a region near the nucleus called?

    <p>&quot;Centrosome&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chromosomes appear visible under during cell division?

    <p>&quot;Optical microscope&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when two chromatids join at a point called centromere?

    <p>&quot;Chromosome&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the centrosome?

    <p>Forming the mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the centrioles located in animal cells?

    <p>In pairs with the cylindrical centrioles at right angles to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed by a central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell organelle is responsible for providing energy for movement in the flagellum?

    <p>Sheath of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the basal body in relation to the cilium?

    <p>At the base of the cilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do microtubules polymerize and depolymerize from?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the flagellum in human cells?

    <p>It has a sheath of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only human cell that has a flagellum?

    <p>Sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cilia?

    <p>Moving substances from the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is most abundant in the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>They are involved in recognition and signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most intrinsic proteins located in the cell membrane?

    <p>Completely crossing the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of membrane proteins?

    <p>Transport, union, signal reception, and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid mosaic model used to describe?

    <p>The arrangement of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and calcium storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for degrading different types of molecules with the help of acid hydrolase enzymes?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?

    <p>Degradation of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain ATP for the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processing and packaging of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains oxidative enzymes and intervenes in the degradation of fatty acids?

    <p>Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes associated with membrane located in the cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

    <p>Become part of the plasma membrane or undergo processing and packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of lysosomes within the cell?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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