Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Organelle
  • Cytosol
  • Nucleus
  • Cell (correct)

    • Which type of organisms are made up of several cells grouped together and specialized in certain functions?

  • Eukaryotic organisms
  • Prokaryotic organisms
  • Unicellular organisms
  • Multicellular organisms (correct)

    • Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex cells than prokaryotes (bacteria)?

  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Human cells
  • Unicellular cells
  • Animal cells

    • What is the name for the specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions?

    <p>Organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where will tissues, organs, and systems be formed from in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and calcium storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins manufactured and modified in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum go after processing?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>Processing and packaging proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Degrading different types of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of peroxisomes in the cell?

    <p>Intervene in the degradation of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mitochondria in the cell?

    <p>Performing oxidative phosphorylation to obtain ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mitochondrial proteins synthesized?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for generating ATP in mitochondria?

    <p>ATP Synthase and Electron Transport Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains an acid pH inside lysosomes?

    <p>Proton pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum from the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

    <p>Presence of associated ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Endomembrane System?

    <p>Synthesizing and transporting proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is most abundant in the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>They recognize molecules and other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integral or intrinsic proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Forming channels that open up to certain stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model in describing the organization of the cell membrane?

    <p>It demonstrates how integral proteins float between the phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Producing proteins through synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ribosomes be found within a cell?

    <p>In the cytoplasm and associated with membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysomes or polyribosomes?

    <p>Groups of ribosomes associated through a chain of mRNA to synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component plays a role in maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a phospholipid molecule?

    <p>Two hydrophobic tails and one hydrophilic head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Recognize molecules and other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Attach to lipids or proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory about the origin of mitochondria mentioned in the text?

    <p>They are prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material stored in a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of chromatin in the interphase of a cell?

    <p>Loose DNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the appearance of visible chromosomes in a cell about to divide?

    <p>Packed DNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments in non-muscular cells?

    <p>Form actin networks near the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

    <p>Maintain the cell's three-dimensional structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microtubules organized from in a cell?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures provide rigidity and maintain the shape of the cell?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of centrioles in a cell?

    <p>Organize microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mitochondrial organelles replicate in a cell?

    <p>They divide by fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nuclear pores?

    <p>Communicate with the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are osteoclasts known for in terms of nuclei?

    <p>Having multiple nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pericentriolar material (PCM) in animal cells?

    <p>It surrounds a pair of centrioles and forms the centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the location of the basal body in cilia?

    <p>At the base of the cilium and is formed by 9 triplets of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of cilia composed of?

    <p>A central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of the sperm flagellum compared to cilia?

    <p>It serves to move the cell itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in a cell going into division?

    <p>To duplicate, each forming a new daughter centriole perpendicular to the older mother centriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the location of the centriole pair in animal cells?

    <p>Residing in pairs with the cylindrical centrioles at right angles to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides energy for movement in flagella?

    <p>Sheath of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by microtubules and serves to move substances from the medium?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is an extension of the cell membrane with a microtubule cytoskeleton?

    <p>Cilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

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