52 Questions
What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?
Cell
Which type of organisms are made up of several cells grouped together and specialized in certain functions?
Multicellular organisms
Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex cells than prokaryotes (bacteria)?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the name for the specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions?
Organelles
Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?
Nucleus
Where will tissues, organs, and systems be formed from in multicellular organisms?
Cells
Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Lipid synthesis and calcium storage
Where do proteins manufactured and modified in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum go after processing?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Processing and packaging proteins
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
Degrading different types of molecules
What is the purpose of peroxisomes in the cell?
Intervene in the degradation of fatty acids
What is the main function of mitochondria in the cell?
Performing oxidative phosphorylation to obtain ATP
Where are mitochondrial proteins synthesized?
Mitochondrial matrix
What is responsible for generating ATP in mitochondria?
ATP Synthase and Electron Transport Chain
What maintains an acid pH inside lysosomes?
Proton pumps
What distinguishes the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum from the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Presence of associated ribosomes
What is the primary function of the Endomembrane System?
Synthesizing and transporting proteins and lipids
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells
Which component is most abundant in the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?
They recognize molecules and other cells
What is the function of integral or intrinsic proteins in the cell membrane?
Forming channels that open up to certain stimuli
What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model in describing the organization of the cell membrane?
It demonstrates how integral proteins float between the phospholipids
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Producing proteins through synthesis
Where can ribosomes be found within a cell?
In the cytoplasm and associated with membranes
What are polysomes or polyribosomes?
Groups of ribosomes associated through a chain of mRNA to synthesize proteins
Which component plays a role in maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane?
Cholesterol
What is the composition of a phospholipid molecule?
Two hydrophobic tails and one hydrophilic head
What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?
Recognize molecules and other cells
What is the role of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?
Attach to lipids or proteins
What is the theory about the origin of mitochondria mentioned in the text?
They are prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells.
Where is the genetic material stored in a cell?
Nucleus
What is the composition of chromatin in the interphase of a cell?
Loose DNA and proteins
What causes the appearance of visible chromosomes in a cell about to divide?
Packed DNA and proteins
What is the function of microfilaments in non-muscular cells?
Form actin networks near the plasma membrane
What is the main function of intermediate filaments?
Maintain the cell's three-dimensional structure
Where are microtubules organized from in a cell?
Centrosome
What structures provide rigidity and maintain the shape of the cell?
Microtubules
What is the role of centrioles in a cell?
Organize microtubules
How do mitochondrial organelles replicate in a cell?
They divide by fission
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Communicate with the cytoplasm
What are osteoclasts known for in terms of nuclei?
Having multiple nuclei
What is the function of the pericentriolar material (PCM) in animal cells?
It surrounds a pair of centrioles and forms the centrosome
Where is the location of the basal body in cilia?
At the base of the cilium and is formed by 9 triplets of microtubules
What is the main structure of cilia composed of?
A central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets
What is the unique feature of the sperm flagellum compared to cilia?
It serves to move the cell itself
What is the function of centrioles in a cell going into division?
To duplicate, each forming a new daughter centriole perpendicular to the older mother centriole
Where is the location of the centriole pair in animal cells?
Residing in pairs with the cylindrical centrioles at right angles to each other
What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?
Centrosome
What provides energy for movement in flagella?
Sheath of mitochondria
What is formed by microtubules and serves to move substances from the medium?
Cilia
Which structure is an extension of the cell membrane with a microtubule cytoskeleton?
Cilium
Test your knowledge of protein synthesis and the endomembrane system in the cell. Explore topics such as cytosolic protein synthesis, polysome formation, and the components of the endomembrane system such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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