Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Organelle
  • Cytosol
  • Nucleus
  • Cell (correct)

Which type of organisms are made up of several cells grouped together and specialized in certain functions?

  • Eukaryotic organisms
  • Prokaryotic organisms
  • Unicellular organisms
  • Multicellular organisms (correct)

Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex cells than prokaryotes (bacteria)?

  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Human cells
  • Unicellular cells
  • Animal cells

What is the name for the specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions?

<p>Organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where will tissues, organs, and systems be formed from in multicellular organisms?

<p>Cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

<p>Endoplasmic Reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>Lipid synthesis and calcium storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins manufactured and modified in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum go after processing?

<p>Golgi Apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?

<p>Processing and packaging proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

<p>Degrading different types of molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of peroxisomes in the cell?

<p>Intervene in the degradation of fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in the cell?

<p>Performing oxidative phosphorylation to obtain ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are mitochondrial proteins synthesized?

<p>Mitochondrial matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for generating ATP in mitochondria?

<p>ATP Synthase and Electron Transport Chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains an acid pH inside lysosomes?

<p>Proton pumps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum from the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>Presence of associated ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Endomembrane System?

<p>Synthesizing and transporting proteins and lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

<p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is most abundant in the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

<p>They recognize molecules and other cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of integral or intrinsic proteins in the cell membrane?

<p>Forming channels that open up to certain stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model in describing the organization of the cell membrane?

<p>It demonstrates how integral proteins float between the phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Producing proteins through synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can ribosomes be found within a cell?

<p>In the cytoplasm and associated with membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polysomes or polyribosomes?

<p>Groups of ribosomes associated through a chain of mRNA to synthesize proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component plays a role in maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane?

<p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a phospholipid molecule?

<p>Two hydrophobic tails and one hydrophilic head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

<p>Recognize molecules and other cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

<p>Attach to lipids or proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory about the origin of mitochondria mentioned in the text?

<p>They are prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the genetic material stored in a cell?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of chromatin in the interphase of a cell?

<p>Loose DNA and proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the appearance of visible chromosomes in a cell about to divide?

<p>Packed DNA and proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments in non-muscular cells?

<p>Form actin networks near the plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intermediate filaments?

<p>Maintain the cell's three-dimensional structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are microtubules organized from in a cell?

<p>Centrosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures provide rigidity and maintain the shape of the cell?

<p>Microtubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrioles in a cell?

<p>Organize microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mitochondrial organelles replicate in a cell?

<p>They divide by fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nuclear pores?

<p>Communicate with the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are osteoclasts known for in terms of nuclei?

<p>Having multiple nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericentriolar material (PCM) in animal cells?

<p>It surrounds a pair of centrioles and forms the centrosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the location of the basal body in cilia?

<p>At the base of the cilium and is formed by 9 triplets of microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structure of cilia composed of?

<p>A central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the sperm flagellum compared to cilia?

<p>It serves to move the cell itself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrioles in a cell going into division?

<p>To duplicate, each forming a new daughter centriole perpendicular to the older mother centriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the location of the centriole pair in animal cells?

<p>Residing in pairs with the cylindrical centrioles at right angles to each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?

<p>Centrosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides energy for movement in flagella?

<p>Sheath of mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by microtubules and serves to move substances from the medium?

<p>Cilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is an extension of the cell membrane with a microtubule cytoskeleton?

<p>Cilium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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