Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Prokaryotic cell
  • Nucleus
  • Eukaryotic cell (correct)
  • Plasma membrane

    • What differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

  • Ability to form tissues
  • Presence of plasma membrane
  • Complex DNA in the nucleus (correct)
  • Larger size

    • What do cells that resemble each other, or serve the same purpose, form when grouped together?

  • Plasma membranes
  • Tissues (correct)
  • Organelles
  • Cytoplasm

    • Which organelle contains the genetic material in a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell contains the cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for lipids synthesis and storage of calcium in the cell?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>Processes and packages proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Degrading different types of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains a pH of about 5 in the interior of lysosomes?

    <p>Proton pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins manufactured in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum undergo processing and packaging?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

    <p>Lipids synthesis and storage of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are centrioles usually located in animal cells?

    <p>Next to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pericentriolar material (PCM) in relation to centrioles?

    <p>Surrounding the pair of centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of centrioles, what does the term 'PCM' stand for?

    <p>Pericentriolar Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural difference between cilia and flagella?

    <p>Flagella have 9 doublets of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the basal body located in relation to cilia?

    <p>At the base of the cilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is responsible for providing energy for movement in flagella?

    <p>Sheath of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a centrosome in a cell?

    <p>Formation of the mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for polymerizing and depolymerizing microtubules from the centrosome?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells known as?

    <p>Endosymbiotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nucleus is responsible for forming nuclear pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the way DNA appears when the cell is not in division, during interphase?

    <p>Euchromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for joining two chromatids at a point called the centromere to form a chromosome?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and intracellular transport?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein forms actin filaments, which are responsible for muscle contraction and movement in non-muscular cells?

    <p>Tropomyosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure increases the surface area of a cell to have more contact with the environment?

    <p><strong>Microvilli</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure consists of hollow cylinders and provides rigidity and maintains the shape of the cell?

    <p><strong>Microtubules</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sister chromatids formed by?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure allows communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

    <p>Nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Regulating interactions with other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is the most abundant in the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Recognizing molecules and other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about membrane proteins is true?

    <p>They can establish cell junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes associated with membranes?

    <p>Producing proteins for membranes or release outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is located in the spaces between unsaturated tails in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of intrinsic membrane proteins?

    <p>Transporting substances across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Recognizing molecules and other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is located in the spaces between unsaturated tails in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of intrinsic membrane proteins?

    <p>Transporting substances across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Recognizing molecules and other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms are made up of several cells grouped together and specialized in certain functions within the organism itself?

    <p>Multicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tissues in multicellular organisms composed of?

    <p>Different types of cells with similar functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material located in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds all types of cells, providing a barrier between the internal and external environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

    <p>Protein processing and packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Producing ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is able to duplicate its DNA content and divide by fission?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of chromatin when the cell is not in division (interphase)?

    <p>Complex with histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific number of chromosomes found in human cells?

    <p>46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms when two chromatids join at a point called the centromere?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell and cell movements?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein is responsible for organizing actin into bundles or networks in non-muscular cells?

    <p>Fimbrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cellular membrane protrusions that increase the cell's surface area?

    <p>'Microvilli'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do intermediate filaments support within the cell?

    <p>'Three-dimensional structure'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Myosin II' is associated with which type of actin filaments?

    <p>'Contractile bundles'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of centrioles in the cell?

    <p>Intervene in cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules dynamic structures for?

    <p>Regulating intracellular transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In animal cells, where is the centrosome located?

    <p>Next to the Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of cilia formed by?

    <p>A central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of the flagellum in the sperm cell?

    <p>92 + 2 arrangement of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds a pair of centrioles to form a centrosome?

    <p>Pericentriolar material (PCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a daughter centriole form during cell division?

    <p>It duplicates from another centriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the basal body located in relation to cilia?

    <p>At the base of the cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides energy for movement in the flagellum of sperm cells?

    <p>Mitochondria sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cilia?

    <p>To cover the surface of the cell and move substances from the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do a pair of centrioles form when surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM)?

    <p>Mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes in a cell?

    <p>Degradation of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins synthesized in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum undergo processing and packaging?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) in a cell?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and storage of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Degradation of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur to obtain ATP?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>Transport control and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins manufactured and modified before entering the Golgi Apparatus for processing and packaging?

    <p>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the cell membrane?

    <p>Maintaining cell integrity and regulating interactions with other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipids are the most abundant in the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Recognition of molecules and other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of intrinsic membrane proteins?

    <p>Signal reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ribosomes be found in a cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm and associated with membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes associated with membranes?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins for membranes or release outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure allows communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

    <p>Nuclear pore complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cytoskeleton component responsible for maintaining cell shape and movements?

    <p>Microfilaments (actin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds all types of cells, providing a barrier between the internal and external environment?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lipids limits the ability of movement but also prevents strong bonds between fatty acids being established, providing fluidity to the bilayer?

    <p>Sphingomyelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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