33 Questions
What is the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)?
The least amount of drug to kill 99.99% of an organism
What is the main reason for antibiotic resistance in animal feed?
Antibiotics in animal feed
What are probiotics mainly used for?
To improve microbial balance
Which bacteria are included in the 80-90% of eyes?
Coagulase negative staphylococci, Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium species
What does bacteriostatic mean?
Inhibits bacterial growth and works with immune system
Which infectious conditions are oral antibiotics indicated for?
Meibomianitis, internal hordeolum, chlamydial conjunctivitis
What is the function of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
To inhibit bacterial growth
How are probiotics regulated?
'As dietary supplements and food'
Which mechanism of action is associated with sauerkraut, yogurt, pickles, kefir, and kimchi?
Decreasing colonization by pathogenic organisms
Which antibiotic is NOT inactivated by penicillinase and is therefore pregnancy safe?
Dicloxacillin
What is the main effect of penicillins on bacterial cells?
Blocking the PEP side chain cross-linking in peptidoglycan synthesis
Which type of infection is topical antibiotics indicated for?
Corneal ulcer
What is the function of oral contraceptives while a person is on oral antibiotics?
Reduced activity due to increased liver p450 enzyme induction
Which antibiotic class has bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
Penicillins
What is the effect of fermented foods like sauerkraut on gut epithelial cells?
Enhancing mucin production from gut epithelial cells
Which antibiotic is resistant to penicillinase and good against Gram-negative bacteria?
Amoxicillin and clavulanate (Augmentin)
Which class of antibiotics interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit, allowing misreading of mRNA, causing mutation, and premature chain termination?
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotic is useful against Pseudomonas and is similar to gentamicin but more sensitive to some resistant pseudomonas strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Tobramycin
Which antibiotic is used in combination with dexamethasone as TobraDex and has less adverse drug reactions?
Tobramycin
Which antibiotic is reported to have corneal and conjunctival toxicity, as well as allergic reactions as adverse drug reactions?
Gentamicin
Which class of antibiotics is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as chlamydia, and is related to anti-collagenolytic activity?
Tetracyclines
Which antibiotic is not used ophthalmically, administered through injection, and used in traumatic endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis?
Amikacin
Which antibiotic is ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, used in combination, and reported to cause drug sensitization such as contact dermatitis?
Neomycin
Which antibiotic is useful against streptococcus, ineffective against pseudomonas, and has adverse drug reactions related to corneal and conjunctival toxicity?
Gentamicin
Which antibiotic is indicated for acne rosacea, chlamydia, meibomianitis, and ocular surface inflammatory disease?
Doxycycline
Which antibiotic is replaced by erythromycin for neonatal prophylaxis?
Tetracycline
Which antibiotic may take with food and is used for chlamydia, acne rosacea, meibomianitis, and ocular surface inflammatory disease?
Doxycycline
Which antibiotic is NOT indicated for neonatal prophylaxis and contains 30mg immediate release and 10mg delayed release?
ORACEA
Which antibiotic may cause vestibular toxicity and decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption?
Minocycline
Which antibiotic is used in traumatic endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis?
Chloramphenicol
Which antibiotic class includes erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin?
Macrolides
Which antibiotic has adverse drug reactions related to changes in tooth development, blood dyscrasias, and vestibular toxicity?
Doxycycline
Which statement about ORACEA is correct?
Test your knowledge about protein synthesis and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Identify the characteristics, uses, and adverse effects of aminoglycosides such as neomycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin.
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