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Questions and Answers
What type of wave has particle oscillation perpendicular to the wave energy direction?
What type of wave has particle oscillation perpendicular to the wave energy direction?
The frequency of a wave is measured in seconds (s).
The frequency of a wave is measured in seconds (s).
False
What is the formula for wave speed?
What is the formula for wave speed?
v = fλ
The maximum displacement of a wave is known as the ______.
The maximum displacement of a wave is known as the ______.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following units is NOT a unit of wave properties?
Which of the following units is NOT a unit of wave properties?
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Intensity of a wave refers to the total energy transmitted in one complete oscillation.
Intensity of a wave refers to the total energy transmitted in one complete oscillation.
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What is the unit of intensity?
What is the unit of intensity?
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The intensity of a wave is directly proportional to its amplitude.
The intensity of a wave is directly proportional to its amplitude.
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What phenomenon occurs when the source of a wave moves relative to an observer?
What phenomenon occurs when the source of a wave moves relative to an observer?
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Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the __________.
Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the __________.
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Match the terms to their definitions:
Match the terms to their definitions:
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When a source moves towards an observer, the observed frequency is:
When a source moves towards an observer, the observed frequency is:
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Phase difference is measured in degrees.
Phase difference is measured in degrees.
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What occurs at the equilibrium position of a wave?
What occurs at the equilibrium position of a wave?
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When a wave compresses, it creates a region called __________.
When a wave compresses, it creates a region called __________.
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What frequency change occurs when the source moves away from the observer?
What frequency change occurs when the source moves away from the observer?
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What does the Doppler effect describe regarding observed frequency when the source is moving away?
What does the Doppler effect describe regarding observed frequency when the source is moving away?
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All types of electromagnetic waves can be polarized.
All types of electromagnetic waves can be polarized.
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What is observed frequency when the source is moving towards the observer?
What is observed frequency when the source is moving towards the observer?
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The equation for observed frequency when the source moves away is given by $f_0 = \frac{v}{\lambda_0 (v + v_s)}$ where $v$ is the __________.
The equation for observed frequency when the source moves away is given by $f_0 = \frac{v}{\lambda_0 (v + v_s)}$ where $v$ is the __________.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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In the formula for observed frequency $f_0 = \frac{v}{\lambda_0 (v \pm v_s)}$, what does $v_s$ represent?
In the formula for observed frequency $f_0 = \frac{v}{\lambda_0 (v \pm v_s)}$, what does $v_s$ represent?
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Longitudinal waves can be polarized.
Longitudinal waves can be polarized.
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Why can't sound waves be polarized?
Why can't sound waves be polarized?
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The __________ effect refers to the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.
The __________ effect refers to the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.
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Study Notes
Progressive Waves
- Progressive waves transfer energy.
- Transverse waves have particle oscillation perpendicular to the wave energy direction.
- Longitudinal waves have particle oscillation parallel to wave energy direction.
Wave Characteristics
- Amplitude (A) is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position.
- Wavelength (λ) is the distance between two adjacent wavefronts - the points on a wave where the particles are in the same phase of oscillation.
- Frequency (f) is the number of complete wave oscillations per unit time.
- Period (T) is the time taken for one complete wave oscillation.
Wave Speed
- Wave speed is the speed at which the wave disturbance travels.
- Wave speed (v) = distance moved by wave / time taken
- Wave speed can be calculated using the formula: v = fλ
- The unit for wave speed is meters per second (m/s).
Stationary Waves
- Stationary waves form when two waves of equal amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere with each other.
- Stationary waves do not transfer energy.
Energy of a Wave
- The intensity of a wave is the rate of energy transmitted (power) per unit area at right angles to the wave velocity.
- Intensity can be calculated using the formula: intensity = power / area
- The unit for intensity is watts per square meter (W/m2).
Phase
- The phase of a wave describes the position of a point on the wave cycle relative to a reference point.
- Phase difference is the difference in phase between two points on a wave.
- Phase difference can be expressed in degrees or radians.
Doppler Effect
- The Doppler effect is the change in observed frequency of a wave when the source of the wave and the observer are in relative motion.
- When the source moves towards the observer, the observed frequency is higher.
- When the source moves away from the observer, the observed frequency is lower.
- The Doppler effect equation for the observed frequency (f0) is:
- f0 = (v * fs) / (v ± vs)
- where v is the wave speed, fs is the source frequency, and vs is the relative speed between the source and observer.
- The "+" sign is used when the source is moving away from the observer, and the "-" sign is used when the source is moving towards the observer.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that includes waves of different frequencies and wavelengths.
- Examples of electromagnetic waves include:
- Radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared radiation
- Visible light
- Ultraviolet radiation
- X-rays
- Gamma rays
Polarization
- Polarization is the phenomenon that occurs when the vibrations of a transverse wave are restricted to a single plane.
- Only transverse waves can be polarized.
- The direction of polarization is the direction of the electric field vector.
Malus's Law
- Malus's law states that the intensity of a plane-polarized light wave passing through a polarizer is proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle between the polarization direction of the light wave and the transmission axis of the polarizer.
- The equation for Malus's law is: I = I0(cosθ)2
- where:
- I is the intensity of the light after passing through the polarizer
- I0 is the intensity of the light before passing through the polarizer
- θ is the angle between the polarization direction of the light and the transmission axis of the polarizer
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Description
Explore the principles of progressive and stationary waves in this quiz. Test your knowledge on wave characteristics, speed calculations, and the distinction between transverse and longitudinal waves. Perfect for physics students looking to solidify their understanding of wave properties.
