Process Safety Analysis and Risk Management

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Questions and Answers

What are the guide words used in HAZOP analysis to explore process design deviations?

No, More, Less, As well as (correct)

Start, Stop, Increase, Decrease

Open, Closed, High, Low

Fail, Repair, Replace, Maintain

What is a typical outcome of conducting a HAZOP analysis?

Eliminating all potential hazards

Recommending changes that improve safety (correct)

Documenting operational costs

Only identifying redundant systems

What does the FMEA focus on when evaluating a system?

The graphical representation of system failures

The ways equipment can fail and their effects (correct)

The interactions between components in operation

The external safety measures in place

Which analysis technique is known for its deductive approach to identifying failure combinations?

Fault Tree Analysis Signup and view all the answers

What usually characterizes the documentation of a HAZOP analysis outcome?

Tables for each segment of the process under study Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of loss control?

To reduce the frequency and severity of losses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles is NOT included in the auditing principles?

Subjective observation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these standards best describes management system standards compatible with ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 series?

Compliance standards Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to be taken in the hierarchy of control?

Elimination of the hazard Signup and view all the answers

What defines 'risk' in the context provided?

The combination of hazard severity and frequency of occurrence. Signup and view all the answers

What does risk assessment involve?

Evaluating the causes of identified hazards. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of accident precursor includes conditions or measures predicting the occurrence of an undesirable event?

Leading indicators Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the risk remaining after preventive measures have been taken?

Residual risk Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'probability' in this context?

The likelihood of a hazard causing an incident. Signup and view all the answers

What does the management term 'span of control' refer to?

The number of subordinates a manager can supervise Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of risk analysis?

To identify safety risks and hazards. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a hazard?

Any real or potential condition that can cause harm. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not included in employee motivation or change?

Having the ES&H department write procedures Signup and view all the answers

The principle and processes developed by Edward Deming for management and safety systems are known as what?

Plan, do, check, act Signup and view all the answers

What is incorporated into a project's critical path schedule to reduce schedule risk?

Slack time for flexibility. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'severity' in the context of risk management?

The extent of harm from a hazard-related incident. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the risk assessment process?

Establishing the context Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves determining the probability for each identified risk?

Risk analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the risk evaluation step?

Determining risk acceptance criteria Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do you define what constitutes success or failure?

Risk identification Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there are risks that cannot be fully eliminated?

Address the residual risk Signup and view all the answers

What does risk treatment entail?

Implementing mitigation measures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of risk assessment?

Risk perception Signup and view all the answers

Which of these involves management commitment and employee involvement?

Making risk acceptance decisions Signup and view all the answers

What must be done after the risk assessment is complete?

Follow up on actions taken Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines safety in this context?

Freedom from conditions that can cause harm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is classified as a hygiene factor in workplace motivation?

Money Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not influence behaviors related to workplace safety?

Workplace location Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an individual identified with oversimplified attributes of a group?

Stereotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the best explanation for the failure of a company's safety program when there are high accident rates?

Management at all levels fails to lead the workforce Signup and view all the answers

In a selection process for safety design systems, which system has the lowest overall failure probability?

System 'A' has lower probability and offers redundancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a warning sign in the workplace?

Employees' hazard recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered a motivational factor in the workplace?

Recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of neglecting employee safety training?

Higher accident rates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivator?

Sense of achievement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not typically improve workplace safety?

Rewarding unsafe behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Safety Management Systems

Safety is freedom from conditions causing death, injury, occupational illness, property or equipment damage, or environmental damage.
Risk is the combination of the probability of a hazard causing an incident and the severity of the incident.
Risk analysis identifies hazards, evaluates their causal factors, and categorizes the risk level.
Risk management involves strategies to mitigate, minimize, or control risk through engineering, management, or operational means.
Management systems (e.g., OHSAS 18001) are crucial for integrating health and safety into an organization's business plan.
The hierarchy of control prioritizes actions to address hazards.
Budgeting for projects requires justification and a focus on return on investment.
Employee participation and commitment are key for successful safety programs.
Effective safety programs require clearly defined objectives, targets, and programs for continual improvement.
Management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification and assessment are key elements of a strong management system.

Risk Assessment

Identifying safety risks, evaluating the frequency and severity of an event occurring, and categorizing risk are key components of risk assessment.
Various techniques, such as Pareto charts and the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), can assist in hazard analysis.
Acceptable risk is the portion of identified mishap risk that is allowable without further actions, while unacceptable risks require mitigation actions.
Residual risk is the remaining risk that exists after mitigation efforts, and is the risk the user accepts.
Using risk assessment methodologies such as HAZOP and FTA provides a systematic approach to evaluating a process's risks.

Employee Motivation and Behavior

Employee motivation, particularly in safety, is multifaceted and influenced by various factors such as recognition, relationships, and perceptions of control.
Factors influencing safety behavior include work attitudes, views on team effort, perceptions of the moral implications regarding safety, and attitudes towards safety programs.
The safety motivation process includes identifying key behaviors, establishing safety programs, measuring behaviors, and providing feedback.
Behavior-based safety programs focus on observing, measuring, and correcting employee safety behaviors.
Effective programs create a culture where safety is a priority and is supported by all organizational members.

Safety Management Systems Standards

ANSI/ASSP Z10-2012: A voluntary standard outlining occupational safety and health management systems.
OHSAS 18001: A globally recognized standard describing requirements for occupational health and safety management systems.
OSHA's Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP): Recognizes sites with excellent occupational safety and health management systems.

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Description

Test your knowledge on HAZOP analysis, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), and principles of risk management. This quiz covers key concepts used in process safety and auditing principles, focusing on risk assessment and control measures. Understand the techniques that help ensure safety in process design and management systems.