Principles of Dermatologic Therapy & Skin Cancer Screening

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of alopecia?

Anagen effluvium

Telogen effluvium

Androgenetic alopecia (correct)

Alopecia areata

Which of the following is a pharmacologic treatment for alopecia?

Minoxidil (correct)

Ultraviolet B-light

Trichotillomania

Hair transplant

What is the significance of the acronym ABCDE in skin cancer screening?

It defines different types of skin cancer.

It describes the stages of melanoma progression.

It outlines factors that can increase skin cancer risk.

It represents a set of characteristics for identifying suspicious skin lesions. (correct)

What category of skin lesions benefit the most from skin cancer screening?

Lesions that are found in people with a higher risk of melanoma. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of telogen effluvium?

Stress and trauma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the severity of a burn?

Age of the patient (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin lesion requires a biopsy or referral?

A lesion that exhibits characteristics suggestive of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for a burn that involves the full thickness of the skin?

Third-degree burn (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the ABCDE method for skin cancer screening?

Bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of TBSA in the context of burns?

Total Body Surface Area (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach is most likely used for dry skin lesions?

Creams and ointments (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin condition is characterized by persistent facial erythema?

Rosacea (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for referring a burn patient to a burn center?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of anagen effluvium?

Hormonal changes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged acne and scarring?

Social isolation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication category is known to be teratogenic and requires careful contraception and pregnancy testing?

Retinoid medications (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for educating patients and families about home safety in relation to burns?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical safety item to discuss with patients regarding burns?

Importance of regular eye exams (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin lesion would benefit from Burrow's solution?

Moist, weeping lesions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of wet dressings in dermatological therapy?

To reduce inflammation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is a nonsedating antihistamine that can be used to manage pruritus associated with eczematous dermatitis?

Cetirizine (Zyrtec) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of managing eczematous dermatitis?

Control pruritus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin conditions is characterized by greasy, slightly erythematous scaling and occurs primarily in areas with a high concentration of sweat and sebaceous glands?

Seborrheic dermatitis (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with an acute inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Paronychial infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for pityriasis rosea?

Calamine lotion and antihistamines (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of eczematous dermatitis?

Pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a topical calcineurin inhibitor used to manage eczematous dermatitis?

Both B and C (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

Antiseborrheic shampoos (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common fungal infection of the skin?

Tinea versicolor (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for lichen planus?

Antihistamines and topical corticosteroids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Principles of Dermatologic Therapy (Chapter 39)

Moist, wet lesions: Burrow's solution aids in drying lesions and provides soothing relief for exudative skin disease. Wet dressings suppress inflammation.
Dry lesions: Creams and ointments suppress pruritus. Topical corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids, antifungals, antivirals, biologic agents, and retinoid medications are treatments. Teratogenic retinoid medications require careful contraception and monthly pregnancy testing, potentially needing pregnancy avoidance for up to three years after treatment.

Screening for Skin Cancer (Chapter 40)

Skin cancer screening: A visual exam of the skin, done by oneself (self-skin examination) or a health care provider.
ABCDE screening method: Asymmetry (of entire lesion), Border (irregularities), Color (variability within the lesion), Diameter (> 6 mm), Elevation (recently raised). Skin cancer screening is most beneficial in subgroups most likely to develop melanoma.
Suspicious skin lesions, such as basal cell carcinoma, warrant biopsy or referral.

Adnexal Disease (Chapter 41)

Adnexal structures: Appendages to the epidermis including follicles, sebaceous-apocrine units, and eccrine glands with distinct developments. Injury or disease of these structures is considered adnexal disease.
Acne vulgaris: Most common dermatologic condition in the US, prolonged acne and scarring can lead to low self-esteem, social isolation, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.
Rosacea: Persistent facial erythema that may include other findings such as papules, pustules, flushing, edema, and ocular inflammation.
Perioral dermatitis: Superficial monomorphous pustules on an erythematous base, sometimes with scale around the mouth.
Folliculitis: Inflammation of the hair follicles.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: Chronic inflammatory disease of hair follicle leading to recurrent abscess formation.
Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweat production.

Alopecia (Chapter 42)

Alopecia: Abnormal hair loss.
Anagen phase disturbances: Most common, hereditary thinning of hair in susceptible men and women, related to androgen receptor variation.
Telogen phase disturbances: High fever, certain medications, endocrine abnormalities, anemia, childbirth, and malnutrition can trigger telogen effluvium hair loss.
Treatments include referral to dermatology or surgery for hair transplant, mental health referral for trichotillomania, ultraviolet B-light, pharmacologic management (minoxidil, finasteride, cyclosporine, topical and intralesional corticosteroids).

Burns (Minor) (Chapter 46)

Burns: Disruption in barrier function from electrical, thermal, or chemical agents.
Clinicians often define burns by partial-thickness or full-thickness injury depth, and extent, severity, and location guide management.
American Burn Association classifies risk levels as major/high, moderate, and minor/low.
Referral to burn centers based on burn depth, percentage of total body surface area, inhalation or facial burns, burns to hands, feet, genitals, or perianal area, and burns greater than 2% total body surface area. Burns taking longer than two weeks to heal should be referred to a specialist.

Eczematous Dermatitis (Chapter 48)

Eczematous Dermatitis: A pruritic inflammatory skin disorder with exacerbations and remissions of dry, itchy, red skin often leading to lichenification if untreated.
Non-pharmacologic management: Patient education, avoidance of rubbing and scratching, and moisturization.
Pharmacologic management: Antihistamines (diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine), non-sedating antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, nonsteroidal calcineurin inhibitors, topical antibiotics.
Hydration and topical emollients such as petrolatum or Aquaphor. Referral to dermatology if no response to topical treatments.

Infections and Infestations (Chapter 49)

Bacterial infections: Cellulitis, erysipelas, impetigo, erythrasma, intertrigo.
Fungal infections: Tinea infections (e.g., tinea versicolor, candidiasis).
Viral infections: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster (shingles), molluscum contagiosum, viral exanthem, verruca.
Infestations: Lice, scabies.

Nail Disorders (Chapter 50)

Herpetic whitlow: Self-limited viral infection of area between fascial planes of distal finger often surrounding the nail.
Paronychia: Acute or chronic inflammation of tissue surrounding the nail.
Onychomycosis: Infection of the nails caused by dermatophytes, yeast, or sometimes mold.
Nail Changes: warrant investigation as they may indicate serious disease.

Maculopapular Skin Disorders (Chapter 51)

Seborrheic dermatitis: Greasy, slightly erythematous scaling in areas with high concentration of sweat glands or sebaceous glands (scalp, face, postauricular, intertriginous). Treatment includes topical antifungals or corticosteroids, and antiseborrheic shampoos.
Psoriasis: Inflammatory papulosquamous eruption with well-circumscribed erythematous macules and papules, loosely adherent silvery white scale. Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, oral retinoids, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and biologic agents.
Pityriasis rosea: Mild and self-limiting skin disorder, often with calamine lotion, antihistamines. Consider acyclovir for one week.
Lichen planus: Chronic, maculopapular skin disorder. Treatment options include antihistamines, intralesional Kenalog injections, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, oral prednisone, or lidocaine mouthwash.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Chapters 39 and 40, focusing on dermatologic therapies for moist and dry lesions, as well as effective methods for skin cancer screening. Learn about various treatment options, including medications and the ABCDE method for identifying skin cancer. Perfect for students and professionals in dermatology.