Primeros Auxilios y Emergencias

Primeros Auxilios

• Valoración inicial del accidentado: Assess the injured person as a first responder
• Maniobras de soporte ventilatorio y/o circulatorio básico: Provide basic life support measures
• Atención inicial de primeros auxilios en situaciones de emergencia: Initial first aid in non-cardiac arrest situations
• Apoyo psicológico: Provide psychological support to the injured, family members, and others involved
• Emergencias médicas: First aid in cases of accidents, such as choking, serious bleeding, loss of consciousness, etc.

Primeros Auxilios - Introducción

• Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales: Employers must establish emergency plans and train workers on first aid.
• Objetivos de los Primeros Auxilios:
  • Save the victim's life.
  • Activate emergency services.
  • Apply basic techniques until emergency services arrive.
  • Prevent further harm and worsening of injuries.
• Evaluar la situación: Inspect the accident scene to identify hazards and risks.
• Examinar al herido: Quickly assess the victim for life-threatening conditions (consciousness, breathing, pulse) and injuries.
• Actuar con tranquilidad y rapidez: Maintain a calm and controlled demeanor while acting quickly
• Manipular al herido con precaución: Avoid moving the injured person unless there is a serious risk to their life or health.
• Tranquilizar y evacuar al herido adecuadamente: Calm the injured person and organize their evacuation.
• Botiquín de Primeros Auxilios: List of essentials for a first aid kit (gauze, bandages, antiseptic, etc).

Anatomía y Fisiología Básica

• Sistema Esquelético: Composed of 200 bones connected by joints.
• Sistema Muscular: Includes voluntary (consciously controlled) and involuntary muscles (e.g., heart).
• Sistema Circulatorio: The heart is the pump that circulates blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to the cells. Blood consists of red blood cells (glóbulos rojos), white blood cells (glóbulos blancos), and platelets.
• Sistema Respiratorio: Enables breathing, involves the lungs and alveoli.
• La Piel: Provides protection from infection, regulates body temperature and eliminates toxins.
• Sistema Digestivo: Breaks down food into nutrients and energy, eliminating waste.
• Incluye: Mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and various glands.

Soporte Vital Básico (SVB)

• Acciones para emergencias médicas: Dealing with choking, severe bleeding, loss of consciousness, etc.
• Resucitación Cardiopulmonar Básica (RCP): A method of restoring blood circulation and breathing Artificial respiration to the individual.
• Maniobra de Heimlich: A technique to dislodge an obstructed airway.
• Control de Hemorragias: Techniques to control external bleeding.
• Procedimiento de RCP en adultos: Steps for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an adult.

Heridas

• Tipos de Heridas: Puncture wounds, incised wounds, contusions, lacerations.
• Valoración de la Gravedad: Assessment of severity in relation to the location, extension and depth, presence of foreign objects and the extent of injuries to internal organs.
• Tratamiento de Heridas: Cleaning, applying antiseptics, and covering the wounds.

Quemaduras

• Tipos de Quemaduras: First-degree, second-degree, third-degree burns.
• Tratamiento de Quemaduras: Cooling the burn area, applying antiseptic creams and covering the burns.
• Cuidado adicional: If necessary, the burned person must be transferred to a hospital to receive more specialized medical care.

Fracturas

• Tipos de Fracturas: Closed fractures (no break in skin) and open fractures (break in skin).
• Tratamiento de Fracturas: Immobilization of affected area.

Lesiones por Calor y Frío

• Golpe de Calor: Symptoms include hot, dry skin, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
• Hipotermia: Symptoms include shivering, cold skin, confusion and loss of consciousness.
• Tratamiento: Take action accordingly to reduce risk of harm, transport the injured person if necessary to the hospital for proper treatment.

Ahogamiento

• Síntomas: Difficulty breathing, bluish skin, unconsciousness.
• Tratamiento: Remove from water if possible, begin CPR if breathing has stopped.

Cuerpos Extraños

• Síntomas: Pain, difficulty breathing or seeing, etc
• Tratamiento: If removing is not possible, transfer patient to hospital or seek professional medical assistance.

Intoxicaciones

• Síntomas: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, difficulty breathing, etc
• Tratamiento: Identify the substance, do not induce vomiting unless directed by a medical professional, seek immediate medical care.

Manipulación y Transporte de Heridos

• Principios generales: Do not move the injured person unless absolutely necessary; avoid causing further damage.
• Métodos de transporte: Use a stretcher or carry the person if appropriate

Valoración Inicial del Accidentado

• Seguridad del rescatador y del paciente: Assess the scene and ensure the safety of the person providing first aid and the injured person
• Evaluación Primaria: Assess for responsiveness, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).

Atención Inicial de Primeros Auxilios en situaciones de emergencia SIN parada cardiorrespiratoria

• Seguridad en el área del incidente: Verify no dangers exist.
• Evaluación primaria: Assess the injured, check consciousness, ensure airways are clear, identify and administer assistance accordingly

Apoyo Psicológico al Accidentado

• Evaluación Inicial: Assess the mental state of injured persons.
• Técnicas de Apoyo: Use appropriate strategies to help the injured and calm them.
• Recursos: Access professionals experienced in trauma or other relevant circumstances.