week 10

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Questions and Answers

Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?

Ciprofloxacin

Penicillin G (correct)

Tetracycline

Vancomycin

What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?

Staphylococcus aureus

Klebsiella pneumoniae

E. coli

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) (correct)

Which type of bacteria is GBS?

Gram+ (correct)

Fungal

Gram-

Anaerobic

Which antibiotic is not mentioned as a permissible treatment for GBS by midwives?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline has replaced the CDC Guideline & algorithm of 2010 regarding Group B Strep Prevention?

ACOG guideline Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections does the text mention antibiotic treatment for?

Urinary tract infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Inhibiting lipid synthesis and oxidative/peroxidative enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side-effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Metallic taste Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect can Metronidazole (FLAGYL) have on alcohol consumption?

Slowing alcohol metabolism and causing vomiting, flushing, and headache Signup and view all the answers

How does Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affect free radicals in cells?

Leaves free radicals in the cell, causing damage to it and its DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most correct statement about the drug interactions of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

None on the 884/93, but be cautious with ethanol consumption Signup and view all the answers

How does Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affect urine color?

May cause urine to be red-brown coloured Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?

35 to 37 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance, what antibiotic is indicated for GBS IAP?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for penicillins?

Renal route Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred regimen for intravenous antibiotics for women positive by GBS culture screening?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Hypersensitivity, similar to penicillins Signup and view all the answers

Why is erythromycin not recommended for GBS prophylaxis?

Widespread bacterial resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the increased risk of UTIs in pregnant women?

Various physiological changes in female anatomy Signup and view all the answers

Which drug used for UTI treatment is a pro-drug that is reduced by microbial metabolism?

Nitrofurantoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor and useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic should be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria?

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy?

Vulvovaginal candidiasis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms and is associated with various pregnancy complications?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of BV, but has high recurrence rates?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?

Renal excretion Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Inhibition of DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?

Nitrofurantoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for GBS prophylaxis in case of β-lactam hypersensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Why is erythromycin not recommended for GBS prophylaxis?

Widespread bacterial resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

Why should UTIs in pregnancy be treated promptly?

To prevent complications such as premature labor and birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for favoring Penicillin G over Ampicillin for the first-line treatment of Gram+ streptococcus?

Penicillin G has a narrower spectrum Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is Cefazolin recommended for the treatment of Gram+ streptococcus?

Immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antibiotic for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?

35 to 37 weeks Signup and view all the answers

When is Vancomycin indicated for GBS IAP?

In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for penicillins?

Renal route Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a folate synthesis inhibitor to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is usually caused by overgrowth of genital tract organisms and is associated with various pregnancy complications?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Inhibiting DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?

Causing vomiting and flushing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) experienced by 12% of individuals?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of excretion for Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Renal excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?

Inhibiting oxidative and peroxidative enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?

Causing red-brown colored urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?

Streptococcus agalactiae Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of excretion for Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Urine and Feces Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?

Metronidazole (FLAGYL) Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?

35-37 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the common causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin?

Diarrhea and colitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

In case of penicillin allergy or intolerance, which antibiotic can be used for GBS prophylaxis?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antibiotic for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?

35 to 37 weeks Signup and view all the answers

In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance, which antibiotic is indicated for GBS IAP?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for penicillins?

Renal route Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?

Inhibiting lipid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?

Slowing alcohol metabolism and causing vomiting, flushing, and headache Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side-effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Metallic taste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) experienced by 12% of individuals?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?

May cause urine to be red-brown colored Signup and view all the answers

What is the most correct statement about the drug interactions of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

None on the 884/93, but be cautious with ethanol consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a folate synthesis inhibitor to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria?

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy?

Vulvovaginal candidiasis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is effective for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, with few drug interactions?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin?

Pseudomembranous colitis Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?

28 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?

Inhibiting DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?

Reduced metabolism of alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Metallic taste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Renal excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?

Causes urine to be red-brown Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) experienced by 12% of individuals?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a pro-drug that is reduced by microbial metabolism into reactive intermediates that damage bacterial components?

Nitrofurantoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of clindamycin?

Diarrhea and colitis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a first-generation cephalosporin used for GBS prophylaxis in case of mild hypersensitivity to penicillins?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?

Renal route Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?

35 to 37 weeks Signup and view all the answers

In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance, which antibiotic is indicated for GBS IAP?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is primarily excreted through the renal route, with dependency on renal excretion keeping concentration relatively high in newborns?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of Penicillin G or Ampicillin?

Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?

Hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks of pregnancy due to its adverse effects and folate synthesis inhibition?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is effective for treating bacterial vaginosis, but has high recurrence rates?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, and is useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for cefazolin?

Tubular secretion and glomerular filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of excretion for penicillins?

Tubular secretion and glomerular filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of Penicillin G or Ampicillin?

Hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?

Causing darkening of urine color Signup and view all the answers

What is the main documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?

Causing darkening of urine color Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?

Group B streptococcus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?

Disruption of DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for clindamycin?

Liver metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin?

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the increased risk of UTIs in pregnant women?

Hormonal changes Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for GBS prophylaxis in case of β-lactam hypersensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for penicillins?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

In case of penicillin allergy or intolerance, which antibiotic can be used for GBS prophylaxis?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of penicillin G or ampicillin?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Why is penicillin G favored over ampicillin according to ACOG and SOGC guidelines?

Narrower spectrum of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of neonatal sepsis and morbidity due to infection in newborns?

Streptococcus agalactiae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of clindamycin?

Clostridium difficile infection Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?

Disulfiram-like reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Nitrofurantoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for penicillins?

Renal excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?

Nephrotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the increased risk of UTIs in pregnant women?

Increased urinary stasis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?

Photosensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?

Darkening of urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antibiotic for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to infection in newborns?

Group B streptococcus (GBS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for Group B streptococcus (GBS) according to clinical guidelines?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for penicillins?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Why does the current American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) clinical guidelines favor penicillin G over ampicillin?

Ampicillin has a slightly broader spectrum of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of excretion for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin G or ampicillin in the prevention of neonatal GBS infection?

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?

Group B streptococcus (GBS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of penicillin G or ampicillin?

Allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for favoring Penicillin G over Ampicillin for the first-line treatment of Gram-positive streptococcus?

Ampicillin has a broader spectrum of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?

Group B streptococcus (GBS) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Trimethoprim is excreted unchanged into the urine?

60% to 80% Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme partially metabolizes Trimethoprim in the liver?

CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Ciprofloxacin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is considered optimal for UTI treatment except when a known allergy to sulfa drugs is present?

Sulfamethoxazole with Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Ciprofloxacin is excreted into the urine unchanged?

30% to 50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the future focus for treating ESBL-producing bacteria in UTIs?

Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, or Carbapenems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Ciprofloxacin?

DNA synthesis inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?

ESBL enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Trimethoprim?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of multidrug resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?

Accumulation of drug-resistance enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolizing organ for Trimethoprim?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolizing organ for Ciprofloxacin?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Nitrofurantoin?

Urinary excretion Signup and view all the answers

How does Nitrofurantoin affect bacterial DNA?

It damages the bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?

Inhibition of tetrahydrofolic acid formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Sulfamethoxazole?

Urinary excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the plasma half-life of Nitrofurantoin?

20 minutes to one hour Signup and view all the answers

Why is Trimethoprim monotherapy discouraged in some clinical guidelines?

Because it promotes bacterial resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of therapy for Nitrofurantoin?

To rapidly excrete the drug unchanged into the urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the future focus for treating ESBL-producing bacteria in UTIs?

Carbapenems Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim on tetrahydrofolic acid formation?

Inhibits its formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolite of Nitrofurantoin that damages bacterial DNA?

Reactive intermediates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the susceptibility of bacteria to Nitrofurantoin?

Bacteria's ability to reduce the drug to active metabolites Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the use of Nitrofurantoin up to four times per day?

Due to its short plasma half-life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Nitrofurantoin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Why does Nitrofurantoin have to be taken up to four times per day?

Its plasma half-life is only 20 minutes to one hour Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?

Inhibiting the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid in bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Sulfamethoxazole?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Why is Trimethoprim monotherapy discouraged in some clinical guidelines?

Due to resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolite of Nitrofurantoin that damages bacterial DNA?

Reactive intermediates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?

Overuse of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Nitrofurantoin?

Damage to bacterial DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?

Hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Trimethoprim?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for Metronidazole?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Metronidazole?

Disruption of bacterial DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Trimethoprim is excreted unchanged into the urine?

60% to 80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Ciprofloxacin?

Inhibition of DNA gyrase Signup and view all the answers

What is the future focus for treating ESBL-producing bacteria in UTIs?

Ceftolozane-tazobactam Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?

ESBL enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolite of Nitrofurantoin that damages bacterial DNA?

Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme partially metabolizes Trimethoprim in the liver?

CYP2C9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?

DNA damage Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?

Ampicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is primarily excreted through the renal route, with dependency on renal excretion keeping concentration relatively high in newborns?

Nitrofurantoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Gardnerella vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

Which microbe is often present in bacterial vaginosis (BV) along with Gardnerella vaginalis?

Mobiluncus spp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic odor of the vaginal discharge in bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Fishy Signup and view all the answers

What is typically seen in a smear of the vaginal exudate when bacterial vaginosis (BV) is present?

Clue cells Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is activated by the disease organism itself and is used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is typically used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and has a lower rate of side effects compared to metronidazole?

Tinidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is typically caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and can be mistaken for bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Vaginitis Signup and view all the answers

Which two microbes are typically associated with vaginitis?

Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is typically used for the treatment of vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

Metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is not recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) due to a high recurrence rate?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of metronidazole and tinidazole on certain anaerobic bacteria and protozoans?

Reduction by the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy

Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.

Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy

Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.

Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy

Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.

Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy

Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge of antibiotics and abnormal vaginal secretions in pregnancy with this quiz. Explore the use of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and trimethoprim in pregnancy, and learn about their potential effects and interactions. Delve into the causes and treatments of abnormal vaginal secretions, including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.