227 Questions
Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?
Penicillin G
What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
Which type of bacteria is GBS?
Gram+
Which antibiotic is not mentioned as a permissible treatment for GBS by midwives?
Vancomycin
Which guideline has replaced the CDC Guideline & algorithm of 2010 regarding Group B Strep Prevention?
ACOG guideline
Which type of infections does the text mention antibiotic treatment for?
Urinary tract infections
What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Inhibiting lipid synthesis and oxidative/peroxidative enzymes
What is a common side-effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Metallic taste
What adverse effect can Metronidazole (FLAGYL) have on alcohol consumption?
Slowing alcohol metabolism and causing vomiting, flushing, and headache
How does Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affect free radicals in cells?
Leaves free radicals in the cell, causing damage to it and its DNA
What is the most correct statement about the drug interactions of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
None on the 884/93, but be cautious with ethanol consumption
How does Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affect urine color?
May cause urine to be red-brown coloured
Which antibiotic is recommended for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?
Clindamycin
At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?
35 to 37 weeks
What is the first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?
Penicillin G
In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance, what antibiotic is indicated for GBS IAP?
Vancomycin
What is the primary route of excretion for penicillins?
Renal route
What is the preferred regimen for intravenous antibiotics for women positive by GBS culture screening?
Penicillin G
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Hypersensitivity, similar to penicillins
Why is erythromycin not recommended for GBS prophylaxis?
Widespread bacterial resistance
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
E. coli
What is the main reason for the increased risk of UTIs in pregnant women?
Various physiological changes in female anatomy
Which drug used for UTI treatment is a pro-drug that is reduced by microbial metabolism?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?
Urine
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor and useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic should be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria?
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
Which condition is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy?
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?
Trimethoprim
Which condition is characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms and is associated with various pregnancy complications?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of BV, but has high recurrence rates?
Metronidazole
Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?
Penicillin G
What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?
Renal excretion
Which antibiotic is recommended for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?
Clindamycin
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Hypersensitivity reactions
What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Inhibition of DNA synthesis
Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?
Urine
Which antibiotic is recommended for GBS prophylaxis in case of β-lactam hypersensitivities?
Clindamycin
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Hypersensitivity
Why is erythromycin not recommended for GBS prophylaxis?
Widespread bacterial resistance
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
Escherichia coli
Why should UTIs in pregnancy be treated promptly?
To prevent complications such as premature labor and birth
What is the primary reason for favoring Penicillin G over Ampicillin for the first-line treatment of Gram+ streptococcus?
Penicillin G has a narrower spectrum
In which situation is Cefazolin recommended for the treatment of Gram+ streptococcus?
Immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities
What is the recommended antibiotic for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?
Clindamycin
At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?
35 to 37 weeks
When is Vancomycin indicated for GBS IAP?
In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance
What is the primary excretory route for penicillins?
Renal route
Which antibiotic is a folate synthesis inhibitor to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria?
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?
Metronidazole
Which condition is usually caused by overgrowth of genital tract organisms and is associated with various pregnancy complications?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions?
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotic is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy?
Clindamycin
What is the primary mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Inhibiting DNA synthesis
What is the well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?
Causing vomiting and flushing
What is the primary adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) experienced by 12% of individuals?
Nausea
What is the main route of excretion for Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Renal excretion
What is the mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?
Inhibiting oxidative and peroxidative enzymes
What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?
Causing red-brown colored urine
What is the primary causative agent of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?
Penicillin G
What is the main route of excretion for Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Urine and Feces
What is the recommended antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?
Metronidazole (FLAGYL)
At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?
35-37 weeks
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
E. coli
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Hypersensitivity
What is the primary route of excretion for cefazolin?
Urine
Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?
Erythromycin
What is the common causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
E. coli
What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin?
Diarrhea and colitis
What is the preferred first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?
Penicillin G
In case of penicillin allergy or intolerance, which antibiotic can be used for GBS prophylaxis?
Cefazolin
What is the recommended antibiotic for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?
Clindamycin
At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?
35 to 37 weeks
In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance, which antibiotic is indicated for GBS IAP?
Vancomycin
What is the primary route of excretion for penicillins?
Renal route
What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?
Inhibiting lipid synthesis
What is a well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?
Slowing alcohol metabolism and causing vomiting, flushing, and headache
What is a common side-effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Metallic taste
What is the primary adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) experienced by 12% of individuals?
Headache
What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?
May cause urine to be red-brown colored
What is the most correct statement about the drug interactions of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
None on the 884/93, but be cautious with ethanol consumption
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic is a folate synthesis inhibitor to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria?
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?
Trimethoprim
Which condition is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy?
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?
Metronidazole
Which antibiotic is effective for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, with few drug interactions?
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?
Cefazolin
What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin?
Pseudomembranous colitis
At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?
28 weeks
Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?
Metronidazole
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
Escherichia coli
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Anaphylaxis
What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?
Inhibiting DNA synthesis
What is the well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?
Reduced metabolism of alcohol
What is a common adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Metallic taste
What is the primary route of excretion for Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Renal excretion
What is the main documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?
Causes urine to be red-brown
What is the primary adverse effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) experienced by 12% of individuals?
Headache
What is the primary route of excretion for cefazolin?
Urine
Which antibiotic is a pro-drug that is reduced by microbial metabolism into reactive intermediates that damage bacterial components?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the most significant adverse effect of clindamycin?
Diarrhea and colitis
Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?
Erythromycin
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
Escherichia coli
Which antibiotic is a first-generation cephalosporin used for GBS prophylaxis in case of mild hypersensitivity to penicillins?
Cefazolin
Which antibiotic is recommended for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?
Clindamycin
What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?
Renal route
At what gestational age is screening for group B streptococcus disease recommended?
35 to 37 weeks
In the rare event of an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and GBS strain resistance, which antibiotic is indicated for GBS IAP?
Vancomycin
Which antibiotic is primarily excreted through the renal route, with dependency on renal excretion keeping concentration relatively high in newborns?
Penicillin G
What is the most significant adverse effect of Penicillin G or Ampicillin?
Hypersensitivity
What is the primary adverse effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?
Hemolytic anemia
Which antibiotic is to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks of pregnancy due to its adverse effects and folate synthesis inhibition?
Trimethoprim
What is the recommended treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy?
Clindamycin
Which antibiotic is effective for treating bacterial vaginosis, but has high recurrence rates?
Metronidazole
What is the primary treatment for trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection?
Metronidazole
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, and is useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Ciprofloxacin
What is the primary route of excretion for cefazolin?
Tubular secretion and glomerular filtration
What is the main route of excretion for penicillins?
Tubular secretion and glomerular filtration
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Hypersensitivity reactions
What is the most significant adverse effect of Penicillin G or Ampicillin?
Hypersensitivity reactions
What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?
Causing darkening of urine color
What is the main documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?
Causing darkening of urine color
What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?
Group B streptococcus
What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?
Disruption of DNA synthesis
What is the primary excretory route for clindamycin?
Liver metabolism
What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin?
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
What is the main reason for the increased risk of UTIs in pregnant women?
Hormonal changes
Which antibiotic is recommended for GBS prophylaxis in case of β-lactam hypersensitivities?
Clindamycin
What is the primary excretory route for penicillins?
Urine
In case of penicillin allergy or intolerance, which antibiotic can be used for GBS prophylaxis?
Vancomycin
What is the primary adverse effect of penicillin G or ampicillin?
Anaphylaxis
Why is penicillin G favored over ampicillin according to ACOG and SOGC guidelines?
Narrower spectrum of action
What is the primary causative agent of neonatal sepsis and morbidity due to infection in newborns?
Streptococcus agalactiae
What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?
Urine
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
Escherichia coli
What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole (FLAGYL)?
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
What is the most significant adverse effect of clindamycin?
Clostridium difficile infection
Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?
Erythromycin
What is the well-documented effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) when consumed concurrently with alcohol?
Disulfiram-like reaction
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the primary route of excretion for penicillins?
Renal excretion
What is the most significant adverse effect of cefazolin?
Nephrotoxicity
Which antibiotic is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients?
Metronidazole
What is the main reason for the increased risk of UTIs in pregnant women?
Increased urinary stasis
Which antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but has high recurrence rates?
Clindamycin
What is the primary adverse effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?
Photosensitivity
What is the first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?
Cefazolin
Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
What is the potential effect of Metronidazole (FLAGYL) on urine color?
Darkening of urine
Which antibiotic is legislated for use by midwives in the situation of GBS?
Penicillin G
What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
What is the recommended antibiotic for individuals with immediate, serious betalactam sensitivities?
Clindamycin
What is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to infection in newborns?
Group B streptococcus (GBS)
What is the first-line treatment for Group B streptococcus (GBS) according to clinical guidelines?
Penicillin G
What is the primary excretory route for penicillins?
Urine
Why does the current American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) clinical guidelines favor penicillin G over ampicillin?
Ampicillin has a slightly broader spectrum of action
What is the main route of excretion for cefazolin?
Urine
What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin G or ampicillin in the prevention of neonatal GBS infection?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
What is the significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?
Group B streptococcus (GBS)
What is the primary adverse effect of penicillin G or ampicillin?
Allergic reactions
What is the primary causative agent of UTIs in pregnancy?
Escherichia coli
What is the main reason for favoring Penicillin G over Ampicillin for the first-line treatment of Gram-positive streptococcus?
Ampicillin has a broader spectrum of action
What is the primary causative agent of neonatal morbidity and mortality in North America?
Group B streptococcus (GBS)
What percentage of Trimethoprim is excreted unchanged into the urine?
60% to 80%
Which enzyme partially metabolizes Trimethoprim in the liver?
CYP3A4 and CYP2C9
What is the primary excretory route for Ciprofloxacin?
Urine
Which antibiotic is considered optimal for UTI treatment except when a known allergy to sulfa drugs is present?
Sulfamethoxazole with Trimethoprim
What percentage of Ciprofloxacin is excreted into the urine unchanged?
30% to 50%
What is the future focus for treating ESBL-producing bacteria in UTIs?
Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, or Carbapenems
What is the primary mode of action of Ciprofloxacin?
DNA synthesis inhibitor
What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?
ESBL enzymes
What is the primary excretory route for Trimethoprim?
Urine
What is the primary cause of multidrug resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?
Accumulation of drug-resistance enzymes
What is the primary metabolizing organ for Trimethoprim?
Liver
What is the primary metabolizing organ for Ciprofloxacin?
Liver
What is the primary route of excretion for Nitrofurantoin?
Urinary excretion
How does Nitrofurantoin affect bacterial DNA?
It damages the bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What is the primary mechanism of action for Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?
Inhibition of tetrahydrofolic acid formation
What is the primary excretory route for Sulfamethoxazole?
Urinary excretion
What is the plasma half-life of Nitrofurantoin?
20 minutes to one hour
Why is Trimethoprim monotherapy discouraged in some clinical guidelines?
Because it promotes bacterial resistance
What is the goal of therapy for Nitrofurantoin?
To rapidly excrete the drug unchanged into the urine
What is the future focus for treating ESBL-producing bacteria in UTIs?
Carbapenems
What is the potential effect of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim on tetrahydrofolic acid formation?
Inhibits its formation
What is the primary metabolite of Nitrofurantoin that damages bacterial DNA?
Reactive intermediates
What is the primary reason for the susceptibility of bacteria to Nitrofurantoin?
Bacteria's ability to reduce the drug to active metabolites
What is the primary reason for the use of Nitrofurantoin up to four times per day?
Due to its short plasma half-life
What is the primary excretory route for Nitrofurantoin?
Urine
Why does Nitrofurantoin have to be taken up to four times per day?
Its plasma half-life is only 20 minutes to one hour
What is the primary mode of action of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?
Inhibiting the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid in bacteria
What is the primary excretory route for Sulfamethoxazole?
Urine
Why is Trimethoprim monotherapy discouraged in some clinical guidelines?
Due to resistance
What is the primary metabolite of Nitrofurantoin that damages bacterial DNA?
Reactive intermediates
What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?
Overuse of antibiotics
What is the primary mode of action of Nitrofurantoin?
Damage to bacterial DNA
What is the primary adverse effect of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?
Hypersensitivity reactions
What is the primary excretory route for Trimethoprim?
Urine
What is the primary excretory route for Metronidazole?
Urine
What is the primary mode of action of Metronidazole?
Disruption of bacterial DNA synthesis
What percentage of Trimethoprim is excreted unchanged into the urine?
60% to 80%
What is the primary mode of action of Ciprofloxacin?
Inhibition of DNA gyrase
What is the future focus for treating ESBL-producing bacteria in UTIs?
Ceftolozane-tazobactam
What is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance in UTI-causing bacteria?
ESBL enzymes
What is the primary metabolite of Nitrofurantoin that damages bacterial DNA?
Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals
Which enzyme partially metabolizes Trimethoprim in the liver?
CYP2C9
What is the primary mechanism through which Metronidazole (FLAGYL) affects microbes?
DNA damage
Which antibiotic is not recommended for GBS prophylaxis due to widespread bacterial resistance?
Ampicillin
What is the primary excretory route for cefazolin?
Urine
Which antibiotic can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs and should be avoided in the first trimester?
Trimethoprim
What is the recommended first-line treatment for Gram+ streptococcus according to clinical guidelines?
Penicillin G
Which antibiotic is primarily excreted through the renal route, with dependency on renal excretion keeping concentration relatively high in newborns?
Nitrofurantoin
What is the primary causative agent of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Gardnerella vaginalis
Which microbe is often present in bacterial vaginosis (BV) along with Gardnerella vaginalis?
Mobiluncus spp.
What is the characteristic odor of the vaginal discharge in bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Fishy
What is typically seen in a smear of the vaginal exudate when bacterial vaginosis (BV) is present?
Clue cells
Which drug is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Metronidazole
Which drug is activated by the disease organism itself and is used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Metronidazole
Which antibiotic is typically used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and has a lower rate of side effects compared to metronidazole?
Tinidazole
Which condition is typically caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and can be mistaken for bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Vaginitis
Which two microbes are typically associated with vaginitis?
Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida
Which antibiotic is typically used for the treatment of vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole
Which antibiotic is not recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) due to a high recurrence rate?
Clindamycin
What is the primary effect of metronidazole and tinidazole on certain anaerobic bacteria and protozoans?
Reduction by the electron transport chain
Study Notes
Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy
- Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
- Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
- Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
- BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
- Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
- Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
- Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
- Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.
Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy
- Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
- Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
- Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
- BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
- Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
- Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
- Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
- Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.
Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy
- Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
- Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
- Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
- BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
- Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
- Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
- Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
- Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.
Antibiotics and Abnormal Vaginal Secretions in Pregnancy
- Ciprofloxacin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, excreted in urine and feces, with a half-life of 3-5 hours, useful for penicillin-allergic clients.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a folate synthesis inhibitor, to be avoided in the first trimester and after 32 weeks, and has adverse effects like hemolytic anemia and crystalluria.
- Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can cause allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and interacts with other drugs.
- Trimethoprim, which can treat 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, is a folate synthesis inhibitor to avoid in the first trimester, and has few drug interactions.
- Abnormal vaginal secretions can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
- BV, characterized by overgrowth of genital tract organisms, is associated with various pregnancy complications.
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis is usually caused by Candida albicans and can be treated with OTC treatments in pregnancy.
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection treated with metronidazole, but not within the midwifery scope to treat.
- Metronidazole and clindamycin are recommended treatments for BV, but recurrence rates are high.
- Bacterial vaginosis treatment can be extended to 10-14 days for effective management of repeated recurrences.
- Pregnant women should avoid ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in the first trimester and after 32 weeks.
- Trimethoprim and metronidazole are effective treatments for UTIs and bacterial vaginosis, respectively, with few drug interactions.
Test your knowledge of antibiotics and abnormal vaginal secretions in pregnancy with this quiz. Explore the use of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and trimethoprim in pregnancy, and learn about their potential effects and interactions. Delve into the causes and treatments of abnormal vaginal secretions, including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.
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