أسئلة المحاضرة السادسة جينتكس (قبل التعديل)
32 Questions
0 Views

أسئلة المحاضرة السادسة جينتكس (قبل التعديل)

Created by
@inspireeAcademy

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of adding a 7 methyl guanosine cap to the 5' end of mRNA?

  • To provide a binding site for ribosomes
  • To protect mRNA from degradation (correct)
  • To serve as a signal for splicing
  • To facilitate the addition of the poly-adenylate tail

    • Which component is essential for the splicing of introns from the primary mRNA transcript?

  • Ribosome
  • Polymerase enzyme
  • Transcription factors
  • Spliceosome (correct)

    • What characteristic do introns have in relation to primary transcripts?

  • They are coding regions
  • They are noncoding regions (correct)
  • They are removed by ribosomes
  • They facilitate translation

    • What is the role of the poly-adenylate tail added to the 3' end of mRNA?

    <p>To protect mRNA from exonuclease degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular compartment does the processing of mRNA primarily occur?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about primary transcripts is correct?

    <p>They undergo modifications before becoming mature mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the splicing process of mRNA?

    <p>It requires energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the addition of a poly-adenylate tail affect the stability of mRNA?

    <p>It stabilizes the mRNA and increases its lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capping in mRNA processing?

    <p>To protect the 5' end of mRNA from degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of the spliceosome in mRNA processing?

    <p>It is responsible for the splicing of exons into the mature mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of adenine nucleotides added during the polyadenylation of mRNA?

    <p>20-250 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the introns during the splicing process?

    <p>They are cut out and the ends of neighboring exons are joined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of processing the primary transcript of tRNA?

    <p>It ensures the removal of nonfunctional segments from the precursor molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy implicated in the splicing process of mRNA?

    <p>Energy is utilized to form the spliceosome complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the primary transcript in relation to mature mRNA?

    <p>It includes both coding regions (exons) and noncoding regions (introns).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 3' poly-adenylate tail in mRNA?

    <p>Protecting the mRNA from 3' → 5' exonucleases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What processes must the primary transcript undergo to become mature mRNA?

    <p>Tailing, capping, and splicing are the processes that primary transcripts undergo to become mature mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of the spliceosome in mRNA processing.

    <p>The spliceosome is a molecular complex that facilitates the removal of introns during the splicing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the addition of the 7 methyl guanosine cap benefit the mRNA molecule?

    <p>It protects the 5' end of mRNA from exonucleases and aids in the initiation of translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the splicing of introns considered an energy-requiring process?

    <p>Splicing requires energy to facilitate the rearrangement of RNA through the spliceosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of adding a poly-adenylate tail to the 3' end of the mRNA?

    <p>The poly-adenylate tail enhances mRNA stability and facilitates its export from the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the sequence alterations that occur during tRNA maturation.

    <p>During tRNA maturation, sequences at both ends of the large precursor molecule are removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are introns, and how are they handled during mRNA processing?

    <p>Introns are noncoding regions that are cut out and removed during the splicing of primary mRNA transcripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the processing of primary transcripts affect their subsequent function in the cell?

    <p>Processing is crucial for converting primary transcripts into functional mRNA, ready for translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'primary transcript' in the context of mRNA?

    <p>The primary transcript refers to the initial RNA molecule synthesized from the DNA template before any processing occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the addition of a poly-adenylate tail important for mRNA stability?

    <p>The poly-adenylate tail protects the mRNA from degradation by exonucleases and aids in translation initiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the splicing process play in mRNA maturation?

    <p>Splicing removes introns and joins exons together, allowing for the formation of a continuous coding sequence in mature mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does capping at the 5' end of mRNA contribute to its function?

    <p>The 5' cap, consisting of 7 methyl guanosine, protects the mRNA from degradation and is essential for efficient translation initiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the spliceosome in mRNA processing?

    <p>The spliceosome is the molecular complex responsible for the splicing of introns from the primary transcript, ensuring proper mRNA maturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do primary transcripts differ in their structure from mature mRNA?

    <p>Primary transcripts are longer and include both introns and exons, whereas mature mRNA has introns removed and consists only of exons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modifications occur at the 3' end of mRNA during processing?

    <p>A poly-adenylate tail is added to the 3' end, consisting of multiple adenine nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key processing steps that a primary transcript must undergo to become mature mRNA?

    <p>The primary transcript undergoes capping at the 5' end, polyadenylation at the 3' end, and splicing to remove introns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Post Transcriptional Modification

    • Most eukaryotic RNA transcripts (mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA) undergo processing after transcription.
    • The primary transcript is the mRNA formed and released from the DNA template.
    • This primary transcript undergoes extensive processing to become mature mRNA.
    • Processing mainly occurs within the nucleus.

    mRNA Processing

    • Three main types of mRNA processing:
      • Capping: Addition of a 7-methyl guanosine cap to the 5' end of mRNA
        • Protects the 5' end from exonucleases.
        • Facilitates translation initiation.
      • Tailing: Addition of a poly-adenylate tail (20-250 adenine nucleotides) to the 3' end of mRNA
        • Protects the 3' end from exonucleases.
        • Facilitates translation.
      • Splicing: Removal of introns and joining exons together
        • Primary transcripts are long and contain both coding (exons) and non-coding regions (introns).
        • Splicing removes introns and joins exons to create a mature mRNA molecule.

    Spliceosome

    • Spliceosome is the molecular complex responsible for splicing.
    • Splicing is an energy-requiring process.

    tRNA Processing

    • tRNA is also processed from a large precursor molecule.
    • The processing involves:
      • Removal of sequences at both ends of the precursor molecule.
      • Other modifications to the tRNA molecule.

    Post-Transcriptional Modification

    • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts undergo extensive processing before they can function.
    • Primary transcripts of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are modified.
    • mRNA processing occurs mainly in the nucleus.
    • mRNA processing includes capping, tailing, and splicing.

    Capping

    • A 7-methyl guanosine cap is added to the 5' end of mRNA.
    • The cap is added by mRNA polymerase.
    • The cap protects the 5' end from exonucleases.
    • The cap is required for efficient translation initiation.

    Tailing

    • A poly-adenylate (poly-A) tail is added to the 3' end of mRNA.
    • The tail consists of 20-250 adenine nucleotides.
    • The tail protects the 3' end from exonucleases.
    • The tail facilitates translation.

    Splicing

    • Introns are removed from the primary transcript and exons are joined together.
    • The spliceosome is a molecular complex that performs splicing.
    • Splicing requires energy.
    • The primary transcript is very long and contains coding regions (exons) interrupted by noncoding regions (introns).

    tRNA Processing

    • tRNA is made from a large precursor molecule that undergoes modifications.
    • Sequences at both ends of the tRNA precursor molecule are removed.

    Post Transcriptional Modification in Eukaryotic RNA

    • Nearly all eukaryotic RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA), undergoes significant processing between synthesis and function.
    • Primary transcript mRNA is formed and released from the DNA template and requires extensive processing to become mature mRNA.
    • Processing primarily occurs within the nucleus.

    mRNA Processing

    • Capping: Addition of a 7-methyl guanosine cap to the 5' end of mRNA.
      • Protects the 5' end from attack by 5' to 3' exonucleases.
      • Required for efficient translation initiation.
    • Tailing (polyadenylation): Addition of a poly-adenylate tail (20-250 adenine nucleotides) to the 3' end of mRNA by poly-A polymerase.
      • Protects the 3' end from attack by 3' to 5' exonucleases.
      • Facilitates translation.
    • Splicing: Removal of non-coding regions (introns) and joining the ends of neighboring coding regions (exons).
      • The primary transcript is very long and contains both coding (exons) and non-coding (introns) regions.
      • Performed by a molecular complex called a spliceosome.
      • Splicing requires energy.

    tRNA Processing

    • tRNA is made from a large precursor molecule that requires modification.
      • Sequences at both ends of the precursor molecule are removed.

    Post-Transcriptional Modifications

    • Nearly all eukaryotic RNA primary transcripts undergo extensive processing following synthesis.

    • Primary transcripts of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are processed to become functional RNA.

    • Processing occurs primarily in the nucleus.

    mRNA Processing

    • Capping: Addition of a 7-methyl guanosine cap to the 5' end of the mRNA by mRNA polymerase.

      • Protects the 5' end from attack by 5' to 3' exonucleases.
      • Required for efficient translation initiation.

    • Tailing: Addition of a poly-adenylate tail (20-250 adenine nucleotides) to the 3' end of the mRNA.

      • Protects the 3' end from attack by 3' to 5' exonucleases.
      • Facilitates translation.

    • Splicing: Removal of introns and joining the ends of neighboring exons.

      • Primary transcripts are long and contain coding regions (exons) interrupted by noncoding regions (introns).
      • The spliceosome performs the splicing process, which requires energy.

    tRNA Processing

    • tRNA is generated from a large precursor molecule.
    • Sequences at both ends of the precursor are removed.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Genetics Lecture 6 PDF

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser