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Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (PGPR) in Chocolate

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Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (PGPR) in Chocolate

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Questions and Answers

How does PGPR work in chocolate and similar coatings?

PGPR is used in chocolate and similar coatings with another substance like lecithin to reduce viscosity by decreasing the friction between solid particles in molten chocolate, making it flow more easily.

What is PGPR and what is it made from?

PGPR, or Polyglycerol polyricinoleate, is an emulsifier made from glycerol and fatty acids, usually from castor bean or soybean oil.

What is the composition of PGPR?

PGPR is made up of a short chain of glycerol molecules connected by ether bonds, with ricinoleic acid side chains connected by ester bonds.

What are the properties of PGPR?

PGPR is a yellowish, viscous liquid, and is strongly lipophilic: it is soluble in fats and oils and insoluble in water and ethanol. Signup and view all the answers

How is PGPR manufactured?

Glycerol is heated to above 200 °C in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to create polyglycerol, and castor oil fatty acids are separately heated to above 200 °C to create interesterified ricinoleic fatty acids. The polyglycerol and the interesterified ricinoleic fatty acids are then mixed to create PGPR. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'Rhizobacteria'?

Root-associated bacteria that can have a detrimental, neutral, or beneficial effect on plant growth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'PGPRs' stand for and who first used it?

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, first used by Joseph W. Kloepper in the late 1970s. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of rhizosphere bacteria are considered PGPR?

About 2–5% of rhizosphere bacteria are PGPR. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant species found in the rhizosphere?

A microbe from the genus Azospirillum. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most beneficial processes performed by rhizobacteria?

Nitrogen fixation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'PGPR'?

PGPR stands for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which are root-associated bacteria that can have a beneficial effect on plant growth. Signup and view all the answers