Political Theories: Conservatism & Socialism

Study Notes

Classical Conservatism

Classical conservatism is a reaction against classical liberalism.
It advocates for a government that protects traditions and societal well-being.
It supports rule by educated elites and a limited electorate, opposing universal suffrage.

Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke was a key figure in conservatism.
He opposed the French Revolution and radical change.
He believed that wise, experienced elites should lead the government and that not everyone should participate in government.
He valued tradition and the status quo.

Socialism

Socialists believe workers should own the means of production.
They aim for equal wealth distribution, rejecting the inequality inherent in classical liberalism.
Modern socialism, or democratic socialism, allows for some private ownership but advocates for substantial government intervention and higher taxes for a welfare state, offering services that span from birth to death.

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)

The CCF was a political party formed during the Great Depression.
It advocated for social programs including shelters, job creation, pensions, and government-funded healthcare.
The party gained power in Saskatchewan in 1944.

Utopian Socialists

Utopian socialists were humanitarians who sought to resolve worker exploitation in industrial societies.
They promoted universal education and improved working conditions to achieve a happy society for everyone.

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of classical conservatism and socialism, highlighting key figures like Edmund Burke and their contrasting views on government and societal organization. Test your understanding of these political ideologies and their implications in modern society.