98 Questions
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains the genetic information of the cell
Which organelle is responsible for protein manufacture in a cell?
Ribosomes
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What is the function of lysosomes?
Food digestion
What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?
Providing energy through ATP production
What is the function of cilia and flagella?
Cellular movement
Which organelle is responsible for storing starch in plant cells?
Amyloplasts
What is the function of the nuclear membrane?
Allows for the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis in a cell?
Smooth ER
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein assembly
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of chromoplasts in plant cells?
Color pigmentation
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Genetic information storage
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Protein assembly
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Lipid synthesis
How does DNA control the cell?
By transferring its coded information into RNA
Which organelle is responsible for refining, storing, and distributing chemical products in the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of vesicles in the cell?
Storage and secretion of cellular products
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down macromolecules in the cell?
Lysosomes
What is the main function of mitochondria in the cell?
Production of ATP
Which organelle is specialized in converting sunlight energy to chemical energy in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in the cell?
Support and movement
What is the function of flagella in the cell?
Propel the cell in a whiplike motion
What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?
Protein synthesis
What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?
Refining, storing, and distributing chemical products
Which organelle contains pigments that give the colors of fruits and flowers?
Chromoplasts
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes
Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis in a cell?
Smooth ER
What is the function of the nuclear membrane?
Double-layered nuclear membrane
What is the function of lysosomes?
Breaks down macromolecules
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in the cell?
Provides structural support and facilitates cell movement
What is the function of vesicles in the cell?
Transport and store substances within the cell
Which organelle is specialized in converting sunlight energy to chemical energy in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Which organelle is responsible for refining, storing, and distributing chemical products in the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of mitochondria in the cell?
Produces energy through cellular respiration
Which organelle is responsible for packaging molecules into transport vesicles?
Golgi Apparatus
What are the main functions of lysosomes in a cell?
Break down damaged organelles and fuse with food vacuoles to digest the food
What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains DNA and controls cell activities
What is the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?
Provide structural support and help in cell movement
What is the function of cilia in the cell?
Move in a coordinated back-and-forth motion
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the cell?
Synthesize molecules and package them into transport vesicles
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Responsible for protein synthesis
Which organelle is responsible for converting sunlight energy to chemical energy in plant cells?
Chloroplast
Which type of cholesterol is often referred to as 'bad cholesterol'?
LDL
What happens to excess cholesterol in the body?
It is packaged into HDL
Which of the following is true about protein structure?
Quaternary structure refers to the orientation of a protein chain in space
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Genetic information storage
What can cause a protein to lose its shape and function?
Unfavorable temperature and pH changes
Which of the following is true about enzymes?
Enzyme function is dependent on temperature and pH
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
Which category of large molecules in cells includes DNA and carbohydrates?
Nucleic acids
What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Store energy
Which type of carbohydrate is found in soft drinks and pasta?
Disaccharides
Which monosaccharide is commonly found in sports drinks?
Glucose
What is the main function of nucleic acids in living organisms?
Store and transmit genetic information
Which category of large molecules in cells includes lipids and proteins?
Proteins
What is the unique property of an organic compound that depends on its carbon skeleton and attached atoms?
Shape
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Lactose
What is the most common disaccharide?
Sucrose
Which polysaccharide is a major component of wood?
Cellulose
Which lipid is a structural component of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
Which lipid has a carbon-based ring structure and is used in making hormones?
Steroids
Which type of fat tends to be low in saturated fatty acids?
Corn oil
What is the function of lipoproteins in relation to cholesterol?
Transporting cholesterol
Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
Which sugar is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Deoxyribose
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil
Which pairing is unique to DNA?
Adenine–Thymine
Which pairing is unique to RNA?
Adenine–Uracil
Which organelle is responsible for converting sunlight energy to chemical energy in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Which organelle is responsible for refining, storing, and distributing chemical products in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is responsible for storing starch in plant cells?
Vacuole
Which of the following is the strongest bond in nature?
Covalent bond
What determines the chemical behavior of an atom?
Number of electrons
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?
Van der Waals interaction
What is the function of hydrogen bonds in living cells?
To hold DNA strands together
What is the main function of water in living organisms?
To act as a solvent
What is the pH scale a measure of?
Concentration of hydrogen ions
What is the role of buffer solutions in the body?
To maintain a constant pH
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acids?
Reduces the concentration of H+ ions
What happens to excess cholesterol in the body?
It is converted into bile acids
Which elements make up about 96% of living matter?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What is the definition of an element according to chemists?
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
Which elements are required by an organism in minute quantities?
Iron and Iodine
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons of that element
Which subatomic particles are electrically charged?
Protons and Electrons
Which subatomic particle has one unit of positive charge?
Proton
Which subatomic particle has one unit of negative charge?
Electron
Which elements account for the remaining 4% of an organism's weight?
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, Potassium
What is the function of neutrons in an atom?
To stabilize the nucleus
What is the function of electrons in an atom?
To stabilize the nucleus
Which of the following is the lowest level of structure that can perform all activities required for life?
Cell
What are the two major types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Which type of cell is simple, small, and contains no organelles?
Prokaryotic
Which organelle is the largest in most eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the size scale on which life is structured?
From the molecular to the global
What are the levels of biological organization?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the characteristics of life?
All of the above
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell's activities.
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down macromolecules.
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Cilia and flagella are involved in movement and sensing the environment.
- Chloroplasts are specialized in converting sunlight energy to chemical energy in plant cells.
- Chromoplasts contain pigments that give colors to fruits and flowers.
- The nucleolus is involved in ribosome synthesis.
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein synthesis and transport.
- The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Vesicles are involved in transporting and storing molecules.
- The cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell.
Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates provide energy and structure to cells.
- Proteins have structure, function, and regulation roles in cells.
- Lipids are involved in energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and hormone production.
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) contain genetic information.
Chemistry
- Atoms are the basic units of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, and hydrogen) form between atoms.
- pH scale measures acidity and basicity.
- Buffer solutions help maintain pH balance in the body.
Biological Organization
- The levels of biological organization are: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
- Cells are the basic units of life, with two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
- Characteristics of life include organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, response to stimuli, and evolution.
Test your knowledge on cell organelles specific to plant cells! This quiz covers topics such as plastids, chloroplasts, and their role in photosynthesis. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these unique structures found in plants and algae.
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