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Questions and Answers
What do plants need for photosynthesis?
Plants have specialized organs for gas exchange.
False
What is the process of respiration in plants?
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
The waterproof covering on a plant to prevent water loss is called a ______.
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Where does gas exchange primarily occur in plants?
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What are stomata?
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Stomata are found on the upper side of the leaf to prevent water evaporation.
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What stimuli can cause guard cells to open or close?
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Lenticels are pores in the ______ stems of plants.
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Which of the following statements about guard cells is true?
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Study Notes
Gas Exchange in Plants
- Plants require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and oxygen for cellular respiration.
- Photosynthesis formula: Carbon dioxide + Water = Oxygen + Energy.
- Respiration formula: Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water.
Photosynthesis and Respiration
- No specialized organs for gas exchange; occurs in leaves, stems, and roots.
Preventing Water Loss
- Adaptations exist to facilitate gas exchange while minimizing water loss.
- Cuticle and bark provide a waterproof covering.
- Stomata (pores) and lenticels (openings) allow for gas exchange.
The Leaf
- Leaves possess a large surface area that enhances gas exchange.
- The epidermal layer is composed of transparent cells, topped with a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss.
- Stomata serve as the main openings for gas exchange.
- Palisade cells, rich in chlorophyll, are situated beneath the epidermis to capture light for photosynthesis.
Leaf Structure
- Chlorophyll gives plants their green color, vital for photosynthesis.
- Palisade cells are positioned close to the leaf surface to maximize light absorption.
- Below the palisade layer lies the spongy mesophyll, which is also supported by another epidermal layer.
Stomata Function
- Numerous stomata are present on plant surfaces for gas exchange and transpiration.
- Stomata enable the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and regulate water vapor loss.
- Guard cells swell to open stomata for carbon dioxide influx during photosynthesis.
Stomata Regulation
- Carbon dioxide concentration is lower inside the leaf, facilitating diffusion from higher concentration outside.
- Guard cells control stomatal closure to prevent excessive water loss by responding to environmental conditions.
- Stomata are typically located on the underside of leaves to minimize vapor loss from sunlight exposure.
- Grasses and algae exhibit stomata on both leaf surfaces.
Guard Cells
- Guard cells adjust stomatal openings based on internal and external stimuli, including:
- Light intensity
- Carbon dioxide levels
- Circadian rhythms
- Water availability
- Temperature variations
Gas Exchange in Stems
- Lenticels allow gas exchange in woody stems.
- Gases diffuse in and out to support respiration of stem cells.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of photosynthesis and respiration in plants, including the role of carbon dioxide and oxygen in these processes. Understand how plants carry out cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
