Questions and Answers
How are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration interrelated?
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
In nature, during a 24-hour period, what substance(s) do green plants continuously use?
carbon dioxide and oxygen
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?
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The diagram shows homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?
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Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
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How is the individuality of an organism biologically determined?
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If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?
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What is produced during DNA replication?
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At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?
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Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?
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How many amino acids are coded for by this segment of DNA?
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If a scientist discovers a new synthetic chemical that appears to have many potential uses, why must society be extremely cautious after the new chemical is manufactured?
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Study Notes
Interrelation of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration emits carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
- Both processes are essential for maintaining the carbon cycle in ecosystems.
Substances Used by Green Plants
- Green plants continuously utilize carbon dioxide and oxygen throughout a 24-hour period.
- These gases are critical for their metabolic processes and growth.
Differences Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis captures and releases energy, facilitating the creation of glucose.
- Cellular respiration processes stored energy from glucose, producing ATP for cellular activities.
Description of Cancer
- Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
- It is caused by mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle, leading to abnormal cell division.
Homologous Chromosomes in Meiosis
- During prophase 1 of meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossing-over.
- This process allows for the exchange of alleles, increasing genetic diversity in gametes.
Events from Mitosis vs. Meiosis
- Mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
- Meiosis, in contrast, results in genetically diverse gametes due to crossing-over and independent assortment.
Determinants of Individuality in Organisms
- An organism's individuality is biologically determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in its DNA.
- This genetic code dictates all aspects of development and functioning.
DNA Sample Composition
- If a DNA sample contains 20% thymine (T), it logically contains 30% cytosine (C).
- This is a reflection of Chargaff's rules regarding base pairing in DNA.
Products of DNA Replication
- DNA replication results in two molecules, each consisting of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
- This semi-conservative mechanism ensures genetic fidelity.
Timing of DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs before cell division.
- This timing guarantees that each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA instructions.
Cloning Human Genes in Bacteria
- Bacteria can produce human proteins because the basic components of DNA are conserved across species.
- This capability facilitates significant advances in medical and biotechnological applications.
Amino Acids Coded by DNA Segments
- A specific DNA segment can code for 4 amino acids.
- The sequence of nucleotides within the gene ultimately determines the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.
Caution with New Synthetic Chemicals
- The introduction of a new synthetic chemical necessitates careful societal scrutiny due to potential harmful effects.
- Risks may include health issues for individuals and adverse environmental impacts.
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Description
This quiz explores the interrelated processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Gain a deeper understanding of how these processes impact carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the environment. Test your knowledge with key concepts related to these essential biological functions.
